不同氮肥用量与有机肥配施对花生衰老和结瘤的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Peanut Senescence and Nodulation

作　　者：王春晓[1] 高秀兰 李文金[3] 矫岩林[1] 于天一[4] 沈浦[4] 吴正锋[4] 郑永美[4] WANG Chun-xiao;GAO Xiu-lan;LI Wen-jin;JIAO Yan-lin;YU Tian-yi;SHEN Pu;WU Zheng-feng;ZHENG Yong-mei(Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yantai 265500,China;Dazhuang Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center of Yinan County,Linyi 276305,China;Tai'an Academy of Agr.Sci.,Tai'an 271000,China;Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省烟台市农业科学研究院,山东烟台265500 [2]山东省沂南县大庄镇农业综合服务中心,山东临沂276305 [3]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [4]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《花生学报》2023年第2期22-27,51,共7页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31801309);国家花生产业技术体系(CARS-13);山东省良种工程项目(2020LZGC001)。

摘　　要：池栽条件下研究了不同用量氮肥和有机肥单施及二者配施对花生衰老及结瘤的影响,结果表明:氮肥、有机肥或二者配施,能提高叶片中SOD、POD、CAT活性及Pr含量,降低MDA含量,延缓植株衰老进程,增加叶面积系数;不同施肥处理对延缓花生衰老的作用为有机无机肥配施>有机肥>氮肥;单施氮肥抑制根瘤的形成和发育,有机肥可在一定程度上减轻氮肥对根瘤的抑制作用;施肥可促进花生生长发育,株高和千克果数对施肥的反应大于单株结果数,不同处理花生产量表现为有机无机肥配施>氮肥>有机肥,花生增产主要得益于施肥后植株衰老进程放缓、荚果饱满度提高;有机肥在一定程度上可弥补化肥氮的作用,低量氮肥加有机肥可作为花生化肥减施的优化施肥组合。The effects of single and combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer on peanut senescence and nodulation were studied under pool planting condition.The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer,organic fertilizer or combined application could increase SOD,POD,CAT activities and Pr content in leaves,reduce MDA content,delay plant senescence process,and increase leaf area coefficient.The effects of different fertilization treatments on delaying peanut senescence were in the order of organic and inorganic fertilizer combined application>organic fertilizer>nitrogen fertilizer.Single application of nitrogen could inhibit the formation and development of nodules,and organic fertilizer could reduce the inhibition effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nodules to a certain extent.Fertilization could promote the growth and development of peanut.The response of plant height and fruit number per kilogram to fertilization was greater than the fruit number per plant.Peanut yield under different treatments was in the order of organic and inorganic fertilizer combined application>nitrogen fertilizer>organic fertilizer.The increase of peanut yield was mainly due to the slowing down of plant senescence and the increase of pod fullness after fertilization.Organic fertilizer can compensate for the effect of fertilizer nitrogen to a certain extent,and low nitrogen fertilizer plus organic fertilizer can be used as an optimal fertilizer combination for peanut fertilizer reduction.

关 键 词：花生 氮肥 有机肥 衰老 结瘤 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] Q945.13[生物学—植物学]