黄土高原和六盘山区的林水协调多功能管理  

Forest-Water Coordinated and Multifunctional Management of Forests in the Liupan Mountainous Area and Loess Plateau Region of China

作　　者：王彦辉[1] 于澎涛[1] 田奥 韩新生 郝佳[1] 刘泽彬[1] 王晓 Wang Yanhui;Yu Pengtao;Tian Ao;Han Xinsheng;Hao Jia;Liu Zebin;Wang Xiao(Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,CAF Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所、国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《林业科学》2023年第4期1-17,共17页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2021ZW002);国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2085,U21A2005,42161144008);国家林业和草原局宁夏六盘山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站。

摘　　要：【目的】面对实施黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略、推进“山水林田湖草”系统治理的国家要求,黄土高原等旱区的林业发展和植被恢复必须改变传统方式,增加考虑水资源的限制和对水资源的影响,关注森林的多种功能优化,探索如何克服长期存在的忽视水资源承载力、造林成活率低和生长不良、减少河川径流危及区域供水安全、整体功能低下等问题,实现森林多功能性的整体提升。【方法】针对深入理解林水关系和进行森林多功能管理的科技需求,自2000年以来在黄土高原的泾河流域和作为黄土高原区域重要水源地的六盘山土石山区,围绕“结构”、“格局”、“过程”、“耦合”、“尺度”等关键内容,在从单株到区域的多个空间尺度上,采用观测对比、统计分析、模型模拟等多种手段,长期开展旱区森林生态水文和多功能管理研究。【结果】1)林业高质量发展的本质是森林多功能优化的定量精准管理,为此需深入理解和准确量化立地环境与林分结构对多种功能形成的影响,在考虑多种功能的相互作用和供需关系基础上明确各功能的重要性差异,通过科学设计和合理调控森林的数量、质量(结构)和空间格局而权衡优化相互竞争的多种功能,在保证森林本身稳定的前提下尽可能同时满足对主导功能及其他功能的需求。2)提出了旱区林水协调多功能管理的实现途径,即在管理决策时除继续考虑可造林土地面积、立地质量、可用造林苗木等限制外,增加水资源管理及多功能管理的决策内容,并嵌入到传统的森林单功能经营决策过程中,这涉及流域森林覆盖率(造多少?)、森林空间分布(在哪造?)、植被类型和树种组成(造什么?)、林分结构(怎么管?)4个决策层。3)按决策层梳理总结了相关技术成果,在确定黄土区流域合理森林覆盖率方面,将仅考虑年�【Objective】Facing the requirements of implementing the major national strategy of Yellow River Basin ecological protection and high-quality development,and of promoting the integrated management of“mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes and grasslands”systems in China,the traditional approaches of forestry development and vegetation restoration in dryland regions,such as the Loess Plateau,must be changed by adding the considerations of water resources limitation and the impacts on water resources,and by paying attentions to the optimization of multiple forest functions/services.It is required to explore how to overcome the long-standing problems of neglecting water carrying capacity,low afforestation survival rate and poor tree growth,river runoff reduction and endangering to regional water supply safety,and the overall low functions of forests,so that to achieve the overall improvement of the multifunctionality of forests through their scientific management.【Method】To meet the scientific and technical requirements of deep understanding of forest-water interrelations and of multifunctional forest management(MFFM),long-term studies since 2000 on the dryland forest ecohydrology and MFFM techniques were carried out in the Jinghe River basin and the regional important source-water area of the rocky Liupan Mountains on the Loess Plateau of northwest China.These studies were designed around the key issues of“structure”,“pattern”,“process”,“coupling”,and“scale”,using the multiple methods of observation comparison and statistical analysis as well as model simulation,at multiple scales from single tree to region.【Result】The studies showed that:1)The essence of high-quality forestry development is MFFM with quantitative and precise decision-making.Therefore,it is required to deeply understand and precisely quantify the impacts of site conditions and stand structure on the multiple functions of forests,to clarify the importance order of forest functions based on their complex interactio

关 键 词：森林服务功能 森林多功能管理 林水关系 干旱地区 黄土高原 华北落叶松人工林 

分 类 号：S7-0[农业科学—林学]