塔里木盆地新元古代构造古地理及深层有利烃源岩发育区预测  

The paleotectonic and paleogeography reconstructions of the Tarim Basin in the Neoproterozoic and prediction of favorable deep source rock areas

作　　者：何碧竹[1,2] 焦存礼 刘若涵 曹自成 蔡志慧[1] 兰明杰[5] 贠晓瑞 朱定 姜忠正[5] 杨玉杰[5] 李振宇[1,6] HE Bizhu;JIAO Cunli;LIU Ruohan;CAO Zicheng;CAI Zhihui;LAN Mingjie;YUN Xiaorui;ZHU Ding;JIANG Zhongzheng;YANG Yujie;LI Zhenyu(Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics of Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 511458,China;Exploration and Production Research Institute of SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Northwestern Petroleum Subsidiary of SINOPEC,rümqi 830011,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,自然资源部深地动力学重点实验室,北京100037 [2]南方海洋科学与工程广东实验室(广州),广东广州511458 [3]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [4]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [5]中国石化西北油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [6]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2023年第4期19-42,共24页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41872121,41630207,42172263);南方海洋科学与工程重大专项(GML2019ZD0201);中国地质科学院基本科研业务项目(JYYWF20180903,A1903);中国石化西北分公司科研项目(KY2013-S-024,KY2018-108);中国地质调查局项目(DD20221649,12120115002101,DD20190006,DD20190060)。

摘　　要：塔里木盆地新元古代构造-沉积发育对于了解克拉通初始发育及超深层油气勘探至关重要,因其埋深大,资料稀少,在盆地深埋区的研究极为困难,资料也存在一定的多解性。通过采用盆-山结合、地质-地球物理多种方法联合研究发现,新元古代塔里木盆地至少经历了3期构造旋回,形成3个沉积超层序和7~9个层序。盆地与盆缘新元古代沉积相带分布受断陷控制而变化差异较大,发育有陆棚相、冰川相、盆地相、碳酸盐岩台地相、潮坪相、扇三角洲相、滨浅海相和冲积扇-河流相等不同的沉积相,还发育有火成岩相。对南华纪—早寒武世之间主要的不整合结构构造及空间分布研究表明,盆缘及盆地内深埋区构造-沉积格架反映了伸展环境下的不整合结构构造特征,主要类型包括单斜低角度不整合、渐进角度不整合、断控角度不整合和平行不整合,它们进一步揭示了不同部位的构造作用过程。根据层序地层特征、新元古代断裂活动、不整合三元结构构造、震旦系及南华系地震地层学特征及波阻抗属性特征综合分析,重建了塔里木盆地深埋区震旦系、寒武系沉积前的构造古地理,各沉积相带的分布与南华纪晚期、震旦纪晚期断陷分布、沉降中心的分布和构造变形差异等有关。与Rodinia超大陆外向生长与裂解、Gondwana拼合响应,塔里木新元古代构造古地理演化经历了3个旋回:第一旋回为盆地内深裂陷启动期(900~760 Ma),第二旋回为深裂陷发育期(ca.750~630 Ma),第三旋回为裂陷快速扩张期及衰退期(630~520 Ma),3个旋回分别与塔里木陆块周缘新元古代早期俯冲相关的弧后伸展、中期裂谷盆地和晚期被动大陆边缘等大地构造环境转换相关。广盆存在的寒武系与震旦系或前震旦系不整合,揭示了震旦纪、寒武纪之交是塔里木地块由多个裂谷-断陷盆地向统一克拉通盆地的重要转换期。The tectono-sedimentary development of the Neoproterozoic of the Tarim Basin is important for understanding the basin initiation process and for the regional ultra-deep/deep oil and gas exploration.Due to the deep burial and data scarcity,it is extremely difficult to research the deep buried areas of the basin,and data interpretation can be ambiguous.This study,based on comprehensive analyses of drilling data and newly reprocessed seismic reflection data collected across the basin,reveals that the Tarim Basin experienced at least three tectonic cycles during the Neoproterozoic and developed three super stratigraphic sequences and 79 stratigraphic sequences.The distribution of sedimentary facies of the Neoproterozoic in the basin and its margin vary greatly,constrained obviously by Neoproterozoic rift depressions.The basin developed shelf facies,glacier facies,basin facies,carbonate platform facies,tidal-flat facies,fan-delta facies,littoral and shallow sea facies,alluvial-fluvial facies,and igneous rock facies.Results on the structural architecture and spatial distribution of unconformities during the Cryogenian Early Cambrian reveal that the tectono-sedimentary frameworks of the basin margin and deep buried area are formed in an extensional environment.The main unconformity types include angular unconformity with low-angle and monocline structures,progressive syntectonic angular unconformity,fault-controlled unconformity,and paraconformity,and they are observed in every rift depressions and at different locations.The paleotectonic and paleogeography of the basin before the deposition of the Ediacaran and the Cambrian are reconstructed based on sequence stratigraphy,Neoproterozoic fault activity,unconformity architecture,seismic stratigraphy,and wave impedance inversion property data,which show that the distribution of various sedimentary facies zones is related to the developments of rift depressions and subsidence centers and the differences of structural deformations.In response to the subduction-related outgr

关 键 词：层序地层 不整合结构构造 古构造-古地理 多期转换 新元古代 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学] P539.2[天文地球—地质学]