塔北深层海相碳酸盐岩断溶体成藏认识及油藏特征  

Hydrocarbon accumulation and reservoir characteristics of deep marine fault-karst reservoirs in northern Tarim Basin

作　　者：杨德彬 鲁新便[2] 高志前[1] 曹飞 汪彦 鲍典 李生青 YANG Debin;LU Xinbian;GAO Zhiqian;CAO Fei;WANG Yan;BAO Dian;LI Shengqing(School of Energy Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Northwest Oilfield Company,Sinopec,rümqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083 [2]中国石油化工股份有限公司西北油田分公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《地学前缘》2023年第4期43-50,共8页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部项目(P20017)。

摘　　要：根据塔北地区海相碳酸盐岩油藏勘探开发实践,基于对断裂破碎作用、岩溶作用及溶蚀断裂带的控储、控藏特征研究,创新提出的“断溶体”圈闭(油藏)概念,业已成为碳酸盐岩油气勘探开发的新目标、新类型,丰富了海相碳酸盐岩油气藏理论认识。断溶体油藏宏观上具有“断溶控储、深断控藏、物性圈闭、垂向疏导、复式聚集、分段成藏”的成藏特征。断溶体油气藏沿断裂破碎带呈条带状分布,其宏观展布不受局部构造控制,油气藏无统一油水界面。基于以上地质条件的耦合,受断裂带结构特征差异的影响,同一断裂带的不同段,其富集、含水及连通特征具有明显差异,具有“一断裂段一单元,一单元一油藏”的特征,与传统的碳酸盐岩构造型、复合型等油藏类型具有显著差别。针对不同的断溶体油藏特征,需有针对性地制定开发治理对策。国内外油气田开发实践证实,包括碳酸盐岩、白云岩和砂岩在内的多种岩性地层中,均发育规模不等的断裂带、裂缝带,重视和深化研究深层海相碳酸盐岩断溶体圈闭(油藏)对油气勘探开发具有重要意义。The concept of“fault-karst”trap(reservoir)was proposed in 2015 on the basis of author’s experience from carbonate exploration and reservoir development in northern Tarim Basin and their understanding of reservoir/accumulation-control characteristics of fault deformation,karstification and dissolution in the fault zone.Since then fault-karst reservoir has become a new target in carbonate exploration and development in the Tarim Basin.This study further demonstrates that fault-karst reservoirs are not only significantly different from the traditional karst(buried hill)reservoirs,they may also have different genetic types and structural characteristics under different karst environments and structural settings.Fault-karst traps can be divided into three subtypes according to the dissolution conditions and fracture types,and they are characterized by fault-karst storage,deep-fault accumulation,trap structure,vertical dredging,multi-layer accumulation,and segmented reservoir formation.Fault-karst trap(reservoir)is important to oil and gas exploration and development and should be comprehensively studied.

关 键 词：成藏认识 油藏特征 深层海相 断溶体油藏 碳酸盐岩 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：P618.130.2[天文地球—矿床学] TE344[天文地球—地质学]