碳中和背景下二氧化碳封存研究进展与展望  

Carbon dioxide storage in China:Current status,main challenges,and future outlooks

作　　者：邓一荣 汪永红 赵岩杰 谷培科 肖瑾 周健 李朝晖 于志强[3] 彭平安[3] DENG Yirong;WANG Yonghong;ZHAO Yanjie;GU Peike;XIAO Jin;ZHOU Jian;LI Zhaohui;YU Zhiqiang;PENG Ping’an(Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sites Environmental Management and Remediation&Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,Guangzhou 510045,China;Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality,School of Environment,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省环境科学研究院,广东省污染场地环境管理与修复重点实验室和粤港澳环境质量协同创新联合实验室,广东广州510045 [2]暨南大学环境学院,粤港澳环境质量协同创新联合实验室,广东广州510632 [3]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《地学前缘》2023年第4期429-439,共11页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-GD-07);国家自然科学基金项目(U1911202);广东省科技创新战略专项资金项目(2019B121205004)。

摘　　要：化石能源和不合理的土地利用,导致地球大气中CO_(2)等温室气体持续增加,引发全球变暖等一系列环境问题。利用碳封存手段来控制碳排放是一种行之有效的方法,可使我国在实现碳中和目标的同时,又能发展相应碳封存产业,具有重大意义。本文较为系统地阐明了CO_(2)-EOR、CO_(2)-ECBM等典型陆地碳封存和天然气水合物封存、海洋沉积物封存等典型海洋碳封存的技术原理、特点等;明确了国内碳排放概况与封存潜力;介绍了我国规模在几万吨/年到百万吨/年之间典型碳封存示范项目特点以及与国外的差距;列明了现阶段碳封存的主要挑战。针对我国碳封存领域发展现状,结合碳达峰、碳中和工作要求,在政策法规方面建议完善碳封存政策支持与标准规范体系,探索建立相应碳封存法律法规;进一步探查碳封存场所和潜力,调查适宜碳封存场所,探明典型区域碳封存潜力;在碳封存技术领域加大科研支持力度,借鉴国外碳封存先进技术与经验。加大CCS(碳捕获与封存)、CCUS(碳捕获、利用与封存)各环节的工程投资力度与建设规模,打造经典碳封存示范项目以及产业集群。鉴于广东省在碳达峰之前具有万亿级碳封存产业规模的潜力,推动其最具碳封存潜力的沿海区域率先实现碳封存大规模工业化应用,探索碳封存产业集群模式示范平台试点,培育万亿级碳封存产业,助力实现碳中和目标。Excessive fossil fuel consumption and land misuse lead to continuous increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases,causing a series of environmental problems such as global warming.To effectively control carbon emissions underground carbon storage is developed and it plays an important role in China’s efforts to achieve carbon neutrality while ensuring its energy supplies.Here,we systematically summarize the technical principles and characteristics of typical terrestrial(such as CO_(2)-EOR and CO_(2)-ECBM)and marine carbon sequestration techniques(such as natural gas hydrate sequestration and marine sediment sequestration),and present an overview of China’s carbon emission profile and storage potential,characteristics of domestic carbon-storage pilot projects at different capacities(10000 s to million tons),gaps between China and foreign countries,and main challenges in carbon sequestration.In view of China’s carbon-storage status and goal of carbon peaking/carbon neutrality,we suggest to improve policy support,storage evaluation standards,and relevant laws and regulations,explore suitable storage sites and high-potential areas,strengthen scientific research and access to advanced technology,increase CCS/CCUS infrastructure investments and construction scales,and develop model pilot projects and industrial clusters.As Guangdong Province possesses industrial(trillion ton)carbon-storage potential ahead of carbon peaking,its coastal areas with the greatest carbon storage potential should take the lead in the industrial application of underground carbon-storage technology as well as in the developments of industrial carbon-storage clusters and trillion-ton carbon-storage industry towards achieving China’s carbon neutral target.

关 键 词：碳排放 碳中和 碳封存 碳封存产业 碳封存集群 

分 类 号：X701[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P754[天文地球—海洋科学]