船舶直流电网母联开关的优化设计与试验研究  

Optimization Design and Performance Research for Solid-state Bus-tie Switch of Marine DC Grid

作　　者：钱正彦 胡家喜 林丽 周志宇 邓建华 QIAN Zhengyan;HU Jiaxi;LIN Li;ZHOU Zhiyu;DENG Jianhua(Zhuzhou CRRC Times Electric Co.,Ltd.,Zhuzhou,Hunan,412001,China;Shanghai CRRC Hange Marine&Offshore Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司,湖南株洲412001 [2]上海中车汉格船舶与海洋工程有限公司,上海200090

出　　处：《控制与信息技术》2023年第3期45-51,共7页CONTROL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

摘　　要：船舶直流电网具有短路电流大、电气特性易受电网杂散参数影响等特点,且受舱室空间限制,直流电网母联开关在故障关断保护性能不变的前提下需实现小型化和对称型拓扑。为解决船舶直流电网短路保护问题,文章通过典型直流电网多工况点仿真与试验相结合的方法,分析得出支撑电容器和母排的杂散参数影响短路电流的规律,即为保证器件安全,固态断路器关断时间应不大于200μs,且需解决母联开关关断时的瞬态过压抑制问题。根据分析结果,文章提出一种适用于船舶应用场景的固态断路器,其采用镜像对称型母联开关拓扑,并借助相应仿真分析对拓扑进行了性能优化。实际短路试验结果证实,所设计的母联开关能满足母排和支路短路时正常侧直流电网连续性供电条件。实船试验结果显示,固态断路器可实现100μs级关断,所设计的母联开关拓扑能满足船舶直流电网短路保护需要,且母联开关短路故障关断控制延时减小了关断过压波动,系统更安全。Marine DC power grid typically sustains high current when shorted and its electric characteristics are extremely susceptible to influence by the stray parameters.Given the limitations of cabin space,it is necessary for the bus-tie switch of the DC grid to be miniaturized and in a symmetrical topology while the same level of fault shutdown protection performance is maintained.To this end,this paper presents the rule that how support capacitors and busbar's stray parameters impact short-circuit current,which was analyzed through a combination of simulation and testing at multiple operating points of a typical DC power grid.Specifically,to ensure the safety of devices,breaking time of the solid-state circuit breaker should not exceed 200μs,and addressing the transient overvoltage suppression in case of bus-tie switch breaking is identified as a key technical issue.Based on the analysis results,it proposes a solid-state circuit breaker with a mirror-symmetrical bus-tie switch topology suitable for marine application scenarios and with the optimized performance based on simulation,to integrate the bus-tie switch and chopper multiplexing as a solution for voltage oscillation upon the bus-tie switch breaking-off.Based on the practical short-circuit tests,it is verified that the designed bustie switch is capable of meeting continuous DC power supply conditions on the normal side DC power grid when the busbar and branch are short-circuited.The onboard test results show that the solid-state circuit breaker can achieve a breaking-off capacity in the order of 100μs,the optimized design of bus-tie switch topology meets the short-circuit protection requirements of marine DC power grid,and the delay for the bus-tie switch to break-off in case of short-circuit fault can mitigate breaking overvoltage fluctuation,thus better guaranteeing system safety.

关 键 词：选择性保护 短路保护装置 母联开关 船舶直流电网 

分 类 号：TM773[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]