考虑驾驶人视觉搜索能力的雨天公路限速设计  

Design of Speed Limit at Expressway in Rainy Day Considering Drivers’Visual Search Ability

作　　者：王琳虹[1] 李洪涛 李若楠 WANG Linhong;LI Hongtao;LI Ruonan(Transportation College,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,Jilin,China;College of Biological and Agricultural Engi-neering,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学交通学院,吉林长春130022 [2]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第6期20-29,共10页Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71971097,52172385);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金资助项目(52002143)。

摘　　要：为解决雨天行车时,由于车速过高导致驾驶人无法准确识别公路路侧信息的问题,本研究首先基于注意分配理论选取车速、驾驶人视野图片清晰度、视线角度和注视分布比例作为雨天行车驾驶人的注意分配指标,结合Fisher判别理论建立雨天视觉搜索能力量化模型。其次利用UC-win/Road模拟驾驶软件搭建试验平台,以降雨强度和车速作为影响因素,研究二者协同作用下的驾驶人注意分配指标的变化规律,构建降雨强度-车速与视觉搜索能力的关系模型,并提出降雨强度与限速的匹配方案。结果表明,车速和降雨强度的增加都会导致驾驶人难以观察道路远方的交通信息,驾驶人为降低行车风险,会改变视觉搜索策略,转而增加对道路前方的关注程度,进而降低了对观测目标的视觉搜索效率。因此,当车速和降雨强度匹配不当时,驾驶人需要花费更多努力将注意转移至观测目标所在的兴趣区域,导致无法及时发现路侧交通信息。此外,视觉量化模型的整体判别准确率为85.94%,可以较好地评价雨天环境下驾驶人视觉搜索能力。最后分别对传统基于停车视距的限速方案和基于驾驶人视觉搜索能力的限速方案进行了对比,结果表明基于停车视距的限速模型计算的限速值较高。为避免由于车速过高导致驾驶人无法准确识别路侧交通信息,小雨、中雨和大雨的限速值分别应不超过100、70和50 km/h。In order to solve the problem that drivers cannot accurately recognize the roadside information at expressway due to high speed in rainy day,this study firstly selected vehicle speed,clarity degree of drivers’visual field pictures,line-of-sight angle and fixation distribution percentage as the attention distribution indicators in rainy day based on the attention distribution theory.And Fisher discrimination analysis method was used to establish the quantitative model of visual search ability.Secondly,a simulation driving software UC-win/Road was used to build an experimental platform.Rainfall intensity and vehicle speed were selected as the influencing factors,the change rule of driver’s attention distribution indicators under the cooperation of the two factors was studied,the relationship between rainfall intensity,speed and visual search ability was established,and the matching scheme between rainfall intensity and speed limit was proposed.The results show that the increase of vehicle speed and rainfall intensity would make it difficult for drivers to observe roadside information.To reduce the driving risk,the driver would change the visual search strategy and increase the focus on the front of the road,which reducing the visual search efficiency of the observation target.Therefore,drivers need to spend more efforts to transfer attention when the matching between rainfall intensity and vehicle speed is unreasonable,resulting in the inability to find roadside information in time.In addition,the overall correct percentage of classification of the model is 85.94%,which indicates that the model can evaluate drivers’visual search ability.Finally,the speed limit schemes based on stopping sight distance and that considering drivers’visual search ability of roadside information were compared.The results show that the speed limit calculated based on stopping sight distance is higher.To avoid that drivers cannot accurately identify the roadside information due to the high speed,the speed limit of light-rainy day,

关 键 词：交通工程 路侧交通信息 视觉搜索能力 注意分配理论 雨天公路限速 

分 类 号：U491.25[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]