毛叶山桐子种子休眠与萌发特性的研究  

Study on Characteristics of Dormancy and Germination in Idesia polycarpa Seeds

作　　者：吉浴芳 宋松泉 刘军[2] 田向荣 Ji Yufang;Song Songquan;Liu Jun;Tian Xiangrong(College of Biology and Environmental Sciences,Jishou University,Jishou 416000,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Lab.for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization,Agrobiological Gene Research Center,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]吉首大学生物资源与环境科学学院,湖南吉首416000 [2]广东省农业科学院农业生物基因研究中心广东省农作物种质资源保护与利用重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2023年第6期23-28,共6页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31871716);广东省农作物种质资源保存与利用重点实验室项目(2020B121201008)。

摘　　要：目的:探究毛叶山桐子种子(Idesia polycarpa Maxim.var.vestita Diels)的休眠类型和解除休眠的最适方法,为生产实践中的种苗繁育提供一种能有效解除毛叶山桐子种子休眠和提高萌发率的方法。方法:以成熟的毛叶山桐子种子为材料,研究种子的水分透性及温度、光照、去垢剂、后熟、层积和植物激素对种子休眠与萌发的影响。结果:(1)种子具有发育成熟的胚,种皮被有蜡质层但具有透水性;(2)在10~35℃和交替光照(12 h光照/12 h黑暗,光强度为144μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1))下萌发30 d,种子的萌发率低于30%,具有休眠特性;(3)种子在完全黑暗条件下几乎不萌发,是一种需光性种子;(4)4℃和10℃层积30 d显著地增加种子的萌发速率和萌发率,后熟90 d则对种子萌发没有影响;(5)GA3能部分解除种子的休眠和促进萌发,将萌发率提高至56.7%,氟啶酮则没有作用。结论:毛叶山桐子种子的休眠类型为非深度生理休眠,解除休眠和促进萌发的最适方法是将种子在4℃或者10℃中层积30 d,然后在25℃和交替光照中萌发。Objective:To identify the dormancy type of Idesia polycarpa Maxim.var.vestita Diels seeds and to find out the most suitable protocol to release dormancy in practice.Methods:By using mature seeds of I.polycarpa as materials,we investigated the water uptake behaviour of seeds coat and its appendage.Also,we explored the effects of temperature,illumination,ripening,stratification and phytohormones on seed dormancy and germination.Results:(1)Almost all seeds possess well-developed embryos and covered with wax;(2)Germinated at 10~35℃and alternating light(12 h of light/12 h of darkness,with a light intensity of 144μmol∙m^(-2)∙s^(-1))for 30 days,the germination rate of seeds was less than 30%,showing typical dormancy characteristics;(3)Seeds hardly germinated in absolute dark which proved that the seed germination requires light;(4)Stratification at 4℃or 10℃for 30 d significantly increased the germination rate and germination velocity of seeds,while after-ripening for 90 d had no effect;(5)GA3 partially relieved seed dormancy and promoted germination,while fluridone has no effect.Conclusion:The dormancy type of I.polycarpa seeds is non-deep physiological dormancy.The most suit able protocol to release dormancy and promote germination is to stratificate at 4℃or 10℃for 30 d,and then germinate at 25℃in alternate light.

关 键 词：木本油料植物 毛叶山桐子 休眠与萌发 非深度生理休眠 层积 

分 类 号：Q945.35[生物学—植物学]