调查与调停的互斥:李顿调查团与九一八事变再研究  

Mutual Exclusion of Investigation and Mediation:Restudies on the Lytton Commission and the September 18th Incident

作　　者：陈海懿 Chen Haiyi

机构地区：[1]南京大学中华民国史研究中心 [2]南京大学国家记忆与国际和平研究院

出　　处：《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》2023年第2期76-94,142,共20页Journal of Japanese Invasion of China and Nanjing Massacre

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“李顿调查团与大国博弈研究”(20CZS045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：学界对于李顿调查团的评价多以笼统的“失败”进行价值判断,忽视李顿调查团本身的主观能动性,存在认知偏颇。调查团的核心任务包括调查九一八事变始末与探索东北局势调停方案,其结果不仅反映在报告书里,也体现在调查团成员的进一步阐释之中。调查结果与调停方案引起中日双方不同反馈,使调查团为维护调处效果采取举措,但日本不仅没有认可报告书建议,甚至否认调查团的权限。通过再梳理调查团的调处和再审视调查团的言行,可实现调查团成败再判断。东北事实调查之成功间接导致折中调停方案之无效,调查与调停在效应上形成互斥,其体现了国际联盟及其机制在东亚适用过程中所能达到的程度及其限度。The value judgement on the Lytton Commission is mostly made as the general“failure”,which ignored the subjective initiative of the Lytton Commission with a cognitive bias.The core mission of the Commission included the investigation of the whole story of the September 18th Incident and the exploration of a mediation plan for the situations in Northeast China,and the investigation result was both reflected in the report and in the further interpretation by the Commission members.The results of the investigation and the mediation plan received different feedbacks from China and Japan,which led the Commission to take measures to maintain the effectiveness of the investigation.However,Japan did not recognize the suggestions in the report,even denied its authorities.By sorting out the mediation of the Commission and re-examining their words and deeds,it is possible to rejudge the success or failure of the Lytton Commission.The success of the Fact-checking in Northeast China indirectly caused the ineffectiveness of the mediation plan,the investigation and the mediation were exclusive to each other in effect,which showed the extent and limits to which the League of Nations and its mechanisms could be possibly applied to East Asia.

关 键 词：李顿调查团 九一八事变 中国东北 国际联盟 

分 类 号：K264.2[历史地理—历史学] D693[历史地理—中国史] D829[政治法律—政治学]