不同尺度飞行器周围等离子体分布及电磁波传输效应  

Plasma Distribution and Its Effect on Electromagnetic Wave Transmission across Vehicles of Varying Sizes

作　　者：高铁锁[1] 江涛[1] 傅杨奥骁 丁明松[1] 刘庆宗 董维中[1] 许勇[1] 李鹏[1] GAO Tiesuo;JIANG Tao;FU Yang'aoxiao;DING Mingsong;LIU Qingzong;DONG Weizhong;XU Yong;LI Peng(Computational Aerodynamics Institute,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《兵工学报》2023年第6期1809-1819,共11页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：武器装备预先研究项目(9140A13050613KG29188)。

摘　　要：研究气动电磁波传输效应对于评估和解决黑障问题具有重要意义。基于求解三维N-S方程及波动方程的数值方法,分析了天线位置、电磁波频率、飞行器特征尺度等因素对飞行器周围等离子体分布和电磁波传输的影响。研究结果表明:在同一再入条件下,随着球头半径增加,飞行器周围电子数密度、等离子体鞘套厚度以及对电磁波的衰减也随之增大,影响天线附近等离子体分布的主要机制是NO电离反应;轴向天线位置和频率对电磁波衰减具有重要影响,可以通过提高电磁波频率和合理选择天线位置降低等离子体对通信影响;飞行器沿弹道再入过程中,等离子对电磁波的衰减出现峰值,高频电磁波的通信中断区间缩小;典型条件下等离子体分布及通信中断的预测与测量结果一致,该预测手段可为飞行器电磁通信系统设计提供技术支持。Investigating the aero-electromagnetic wave transmission effect is crucial for the assessing and addressing communication blackout issues.This study employs a numerical method to solve the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation and wave equation,focusing on the influence of antenna position,electromagnetic wave frequency,and characteristic size of the vehicle on plasma distribution and electromagnetic wave transmission.The results demonstrate that as the sphere radius increases under the same flight conditions,electron number density,plasma sheath thickness,and attenuation of electromagnetic wave also increase.The ionization of NO exhibits the most significant effect on the plasma distribution around antenna.The axial antenna position and electromagnetic wave frequency have a significant influence on the attenuation of electromagnetic wave.Thus,it is feasible to reduce the influence of plasma on electromagnetic wave transmission by increasing the frequency and selecting an appropriate antenna position.During reentry flight along the trajectory,plasma-induced electromagnetic wave attenuation reaches its peak,resulting in a narrower blackout range for high-frequency electromagnetic waves.The numerical results of electron number density and blackout range agree well with flight data under typical flight conditions,demonstrating that this computational code can provide technical support for the design of vehicle electromagnetic communication systems.

关 键 词：高超声速飞行器 等离子体 电子数密度 电磁波传输效应 数值模拟 

分 类 号：V411.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]