常压页岩气勘探开发关键技术进展及攻关方向  

Progress in and research direction of key technologies for normal-pressure shale gas exploration and development

作　　者：何希鹏[1] 何贵松 高玉巧[2] 张龙胜[3] 贺庆[1] 张培先[2] 王伟[2] 黄小贞 HE Xipeng;HE Guisong;GAO Yuqiao;ZHANG Longsheng;HE Qing;ZHANG Peixian;WANG Wei;HUANG Xiaozhen(Sinopec East China Oil&Gas Company,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China;Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Sinopec East China Oil&Gas Company,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China;Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Technology,Sinopec East China Oil&Gas Company,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化华东油气分公司 [2]中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院 [3]中国石化华东油气分公司石油工程技术研究院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2023年第6期1-14,共14页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“彭水地区常压页岩气勘探开发示范工程”(编号:2016ZX05061);中国石化科研项目“南川—武隆地区常压页岩气富集高产机理与目标评价”(编号:P21087-6);“四川盆地及周缘华东探区天然气富集规律与目标评价”(编号:P20059-6)。

摘　　要：常压页岩气是中国页岩气增储上产的重要对象,具有广阔的资源前景,但规模效益开发仍面临多方面的技术瓶颈。为了推动常压页岩气实现规模效益开发,以四川盆地渝东南地区页岩气为研究对象,系统梳理和总结了常压页岩气的形成机理与富集理论、渗流机理与开发技术、低成本工程工艺技术等方面的研究成果与技术进展,指出了中国南方复杂构造区常压页岩气效益开采面临的难题与挑战,并从甜点优选、开发技术政策、低成本钻井技术、高效压裂技术等方面探讨了常压页岩气勘探开发的攻关方向。研究结果表明:①地质勘探理论已明确了常压页岩气形成机理,建立了“生—排—滞—聚”的成藏模式,提出了“三因素控藏”的富集理论,建立了甜点目标综合评价体系;②开发技术上制定了“多层系、变井距、长水平段、小夹角、低高差、强改造、控压差”的开发技术政策;③钻井工程上形成了以“二级结构+激进参数+一体化导向+不承压防漏固井”为核心的优快钻完井技术;④压裂工程上构建了以“多簇密切割+限流射孔+双暂堵+高强度加砂+全电动”为核心的低成本高效促缝压裂技术;⑤常压页岩气具有地质条件复杂、压力系数和含气量较低、资源禀赋较差等特点,资源动用仍然面临产建阵地不落实、单井产能和最终可采储量低、投资成本高、经济效益差等挑战。结论认为,深化常压页岩气富集高产机理与甜点优选研究,强化基于渗流机理的效益开发技术政策研究,加强低成本钻井关键技术攻关,加快研发低成本高效压裂关键技术,并通过不断降本增效,是实现低品位常压页岩气规模效益开发的重点攻关方向。Normal-pressure shale gas is an important object of shale gas reserves and production increase with broad resource prospects in China,but its large-scale benefit development is still confronted with technical bottlenecks.To promote the large-scale benefit development of normal-pressure shale gas,this paper systematically sorts out and summarizes the research achievements and technological progresses related to normal-pressure shale gas from the aspects of accumulation mechanism,enrichment theory,percolation mechanism,development technology,and low-cost engineering technology,and points out the difficulties and challenges to the benefit development of normal-pressure shale gas in the complex structure zones of southern China,by taking the shale gas in the Southeast Chongqing Area of the Sichuan Basin as the research object.In addition,the research direction of normal-pressure shale gas exploration and development is discussed in terms of sweet spot selection,development technology policy,low-cost drilling technology and high-efficiency fracturing technology.And the following research results are obtained.First,the accumulation mechanism of normal-pressure shale gas is clarified from the perspective of geological exploration theory;the hydrocarbon accumulation model of generation,expulsion,detainment and accumulation is established;the enrichment theory of"three-factor controlling reservoir"is put forward;and the comprehensive sweetspot target evaluation system is formed.Second,as for development technology,the development technology policies of"multiple series of strata,variable well spacing,long horizontal section,small included angle,low elevation difference,strong stimulation and pressure difference controlling"are formulated.Third,as for drilling engineering,the optimal fast drilling and completion technology with"secondary structure+radical parameter+integrated guidance+unpressured leak-proof cementing"as the core is formed.Fourth,as for fracturing engineering,the low-cost and high-efficiency fracturing techn

关 键 词：常压页岩气 形成机理 富集规律 开发技术政策 优快钻井技术 高效缝网压裂技术 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学] TE37[天文地球—地质学]