天然气掺氢输送环境下的腐蚀与氢脆研究进展  

Research progress on corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement in hydrogen-natural gas pipeline transportation

作　　者：张烘玮 赵杰 李敬法 宇波[2] 王嘉龙 吕冉 奚茜 ZHANG Hongwei;ZHAO Jie;LI Jingfa;YU Bo;WANG Jialong;LYU Ran;XI Qian(School of Safety Engineering,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Beijing 102617,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology,Beijing 102617,China;Chengdu Natural Gas Chemical Plant,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610213,China)

机构地区：[1]北京石油化工学院安全工程学院 [2]北京石油化工学院机械工程学院 [3]中国石油西南油气田公司成都天然气化工总厂

出　　处：《天然气工业》2023年第6期126-138,共13页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“氢能技术”重点专项资助“中低压纯氢与掺氢燃气管道系统渗氢扩散机理与相容性研究”(编号:2021YFB4001601)。

摘　　要：氢能作为清洁、高效、零碳的能源载体,被视为最具发展潜力的清洁能源之一。利用现有的天然气管线进行掺氢输送被视为实现氢气长距离、大规模、高效、经济输送的有效方式。然而,长输天然气掺氢输送环境为CH4、高压H2、少量H2S和CO_(2)等杂质及游离水共存,不可避免的会导致金属材料的腐蚀与氢脆。为此,系统综述了国内外现有的长输天然气掺氢输送环境下腐蚀与氢脆的研究进展,并对天然气掺氢输送技术中腐蚀与氢脆进行了展望。研究结果表明:①气相充氢的实验研究方法更贴合天然气掺氢输送环境,但气相充氢技术未建立统一标准,而液相充氢法已经趋于成熟,但仍与工程实际偏差较大;②长输天然气掺氢输送环境下腐蚀与氢脆存在协同和竞争关系,但具体的失效机制和变化规律仍不明晰,还需进一步开展实验研究,明确腐蚀与氢脆共存时的失效机理;③长输天然气掺氢输送环境下腐蚀氢脆的失效机制受H2S和CO_(2)分压比、掺氢比、材料强度等关键性因素影响,3种关键性因素的提高,均会使得管线材料腐蚀更严重、氢脆敏感性更高。结论认为,该研究成果可以为长输天然气掺氢输送关键技术的研究和项目发展提供有效参考,将有助于推动天然气掺氢行业的高质量发展。Hydrogen,clean,efficient and zero-carbon,is seen as a most promising energy source.The use of existing gas pipelines for hydrogen–natural gas transportation is considered to be an effective way to achieve long-distance,large-scale,efficient,and economical hydrogen transportation.However,the pipelines for hydrogen–natural gas transportation contain lots of impurities(e.g.CH4,highpressure H2,H2S and CO_(2))and free water,which will inevitably lead to corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement.This paper presents a systematic review of researches and an outlook for corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement in hydrogen–natural gas pipeline transportation.The results show that gas-phase hydrogen charging is suitable for hydrogen–natural gas transportation,but this technique lacks technical standards.By contrast,the liquid-phase hydrogen charging technique is more mature,but has large deviation from the engineering reality.In the hydrogen–natural gas transportation pipelines,corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement are synergetic and competitive,but the failure mechanism and change law when corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement coexist remain unclear,which need to be further clarified by experiments.The failure mechanism is believed to be mainly sensitive to three key factors,i.e.the H2S/CO_(2) partial pressure ratio,the hydrogen blending ratio,and material strength.The increase of the three factors will make the pipeline materials more corrosive and more sensitive to hydrogen embrittlement.The research findings can be used as a reference for research and development of long-distance hydrogen–natural gas transportation technology,and will drive the high-quality development of the hydrogen–natural gas blending industry.

关 键 词：充氢方法 天然气掺氢 管线钢 腐蚀 氢脆 H2S/CO_(2)分压比 掺氢比 材料强度 

分 类 号：TE988.2[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]