集体主导盘活闲置宅基地的实践路径及制度规范  

Practice Path and Institutional Norms of Idle Rural Residential Land Redevelopment Led by Rural Collectives

作　　者：罗亚文 LUO Yawen(Law School,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2023年第5期27-35,共9页China Land Science

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“统一国土空间用途管制法律问题研究”(21BFX134)。

摘　　要：研究目的:明晰宅基地的盘活形式由“农户自主流转”向“集体主导、统筹流转”的模式转变,探索集体主导盘活闲置宅基地的实践路径及制度规范。研究方法:比较分析法、逻辑演绎法。研究结果:(1)集体主导盘活的试点路径可总结为委托流转、转权流转和扩权流转。(2)路径局限:农户退出意愿掣肘盘活效率、地性转换易导致宅基地面积缩减、受让方权利名称及属性未明晰、单一赋权逻辑较难契合多元流转形式。(3)委托代理方式以及宅基地经营权的规范构造可为集体盘活路径所吸收。研究结论:宅基地用途应适当向经营性利用扩张,农村集体经济组织作为盘活主体和宅基地所有权人,应在充分尊重农户退出意愿的基础上,为受让人设立宅基地经营权,由此构建以农户退出意愿为前提的多元盘活路径。The purposes of this paper are to clarify that the form of rural residential land redevelopment gradually changes from the mode of “farmers' transfers” to the mode of “collective-led transfers”,and to explore the practice path and institutional norms of collective redevelopment.The methods of comparative analysis and logic deduction are employed.The research results show that:1) the paths can be summarized as entrustment path,transfer right path and extension right path.2) Path limitations include that farmers' willingness to withdrawal impedes transfer efficiency,land type conversion is likely to induce the reduction of rural residential land area,the name and attribute of transferee's right are unclear,and the single right is difficult to match the multiple transfer form.3) The agent mode and the management right of rural residential land can be absorbed by the path of collective redevelopment.In conclusion,rural residential land use types should be expanded to commercial purpose,and rural collective which is the owner of rural residential land should set up the operational right of rural residential land for the transferee on the basis of fully respecting the farmers' willingness,so as to construct a multiple path based on the farmers' withdrawal willingness.

关 键 词：土地法学 集体主导 宅基地经营权 农户退出 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]