使用化学杂交剂SX-1采用多母一父方式配制油菜杂交种的高效育种方法  

Efficient breeding method for rapeseed hybrids using chemical hybridizing agent SX-1 by polygamy

作　　者：韦世豪[1] 田建华[1] 穆建新[1] 李永红[1] 李殿荣[1] 董育红[1] 张耀文[1] 朱彦涛[1] 任军荣[1] 姜丽霞 WEI Shi-hao;TIAN Jian-hua;MU Jian-xin;LI Yong-hong;LI Dian-rong;DONG Yu-hong;ZHANG Yao-wen;ZHU Yan-tao;REN Jun-rong;JIANG Li-xia(Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第3期483-490,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：陕西省科技计划项目(2019NY-038);陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟(LM:202112);杨凌种业创新中心重点研发项目(YLzy-yc2021-02)。

摘　　要：通过使用化学杂交剂SX-1诱导型雄性不育系(CIMS),采用多母一父方式配制多个油菜杂交种并从中筛选强优势组合,以期快速培育成新品种并应用于生产。应用多个综合农艺性状优良的高代自交系为亲本,利用化学杂交剂SX-1诱导母本自交系为不育系,与一个父本在隔离区内完成授粉结实,并按照杂交种的生产要求进行组合制种。2007-2015年,用该方法累计配置杂交组合248个,依据综合抗性、产量、品质、生育期及适宜机械化收获等性状,最终筛选培育出7个适宜不同生态区种植的优质杂交种。用CIMS两系法育成品种7个,平均含油量47.70%,制种平均单产2385.00 kg/hm^(2),而用细胞质雄性不育三系法育成品种1个,平均含油量45.80%,制种平均单产1503.00 kg/hm^(2)。与同期细胞质雄性不育的三系法育成的品种相比,采用CIMS两系法育成的品种数量多、含油量和制种产量高,而且该方法亲本选择范围广、一次配制组合多、操作简单便捷、省时省工高效,可实现当年制种当年使用(春制冬用),从而有效缩短育种周期、提高育种效率、节约生产成本、促进示范推广,是一种新型高效的育种方法,具有重要的科学价值和生产应用价值。For high effeciency rapessed breeding,multiple rapeseed hybrids were selected by using chemical hybridizing agent SX-1 and polygamy(multiple-female-and-one-male).In our strategy,high-generation homozy-gous inbred lines with multiple excellent agronomic characteristics were screened as parents,elite inbred lines in-duced by chemical hybridizing agent were produced as female parents,and hybridization was completed in isolated area,followed by strict pollination for hybrid seeds.From 2007 to 2015,totally 248 cross combinations were generat-ed by this strategy,and 7 high-quality hybrid varieties were suscessfully cultivated in different ecological regions.All hybrid had comprehensive resistance,high yield and quality,with suitable growth period and mechanized har-vesting features.Compared with CMS breeding,CIMS(chemical induced male sterility)could produce more hybrids simultaneously with high oil content and high yield.Among the 7 varieties bred by CIMS,the average oil content was 47.70%,the average hybrid seed yield was 2385.00 kg/hm^(2).On the contrary,in the only variety bred by CMS,its oil content was 45.80%,with average hybrid seed yield of 1503.00 kg/hm^(2).In summary,SX-1 induced CIMS was efficient on hybrid breeding for its wide ranges of parents,more cross combinations at one season,time-and labor-saving,which can provide hybrids in spring and supply in autum(or winter).

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 化学杂交剂 多母一父 杂交种 育种方法 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学] S335.3