9种植物源杀菌剂对向日葵锈病的防效分析  

Control effects of 9 botanical fungicides on Puccinia helianthi

作　　者：郑安可 路妍 黄家英 景岚[1] ZHENG An-ke;LU Yan;HUANG Jia-ying;JING Lan(College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2023年第3期623-628,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32160642);内蒙古自然科学基金(2020MS03046)。

摘　　要：本研究收集了9种商品植物源杀菌剂进行了室内毒力测定、施药适期及粘附性试验,以期筛选出防治向日葵锈病的高效植物源杀菌剂。结果表明,在毒力测定试验中,0.3%丁子香酚(可溶液剂,SL)对向日葵锈菌夏孢子毒力最强,EC_(50)值为1.58 mg/L,其次为0.4%蛇床子素(SL)和80%大蒜油(乳油,EC),EC_(50)值分别为3.43 mg/L和5.154 mg/L;在施药适期试验中,采用了先接菌后喷药和先喷药后接菌两种方法,0.3%丁子香酚(SL)防治效果均为最好,分别为86.42%和88.79%,其次为0.4%蛇床子素(SL)和80%大蒜油(EC),防治效果均达到70%以上,与其它杀菌剂存在显著差异;在粘附性试验中,喷施0.3%丁子香酚(SL)锈菌孢子的粘附率最小,为73%,显著低于对照,其次为0.4%蛇床子素(SL)和80%大蒜油(EC),粘附率分别为76%和80%。综合三种试验结果表明,0.3%丁子香酚为防治向日葵锈病的首选植物源杀菌剂,其次可选用0.4%蛇床子素(SL)和80%大蒜油(EC)。For efficient botanical fungicides to control sunflower rust,9 commercial botanical fungicides were selected for laboratory tests of their toxicity,suitable application period and adhesion characteristics.Results showed that in the toxicity measurement,0.3%eugenol(soluble agent,SL)had the strongest toxicity to P.helianthi urediniospores(with EC_(50) value of 1.58 mg/L),followed by 0.4%osthol(SL)and garlic oil(emulsifiable concentrate,EC),with EC_(50) value of 3.43 mg/L and 5.154 mg/L respectively.In the experiment of suitable application period,2 methods(spraying after inoculation and spraying before inoculation)were tested,the control efficiency of 0.3%euge-nol(SL)was the best,with 86.42%and 88.79%respectively for the 2 methods,followed by 0.4%osthol(SL)and 80%garlic oil(EC),both with control efficiency exceeding 70%for them,and significantly different from other test-ed fungicides.In the adhesion test,the adhesion rate of 0.3%eugenol(SL)to P.helianthi urediniospores was the lowest,with a value of 73%,which was significantly lower than the control,followed by 0.4%osthol(SL)and 80%garlic oil(EC),with the adhesion rates of 76%and 80%respectively.Taken together,the results showed that 0.3%eugenol(SL)should be the firstchoice of botanical fungicide for sunflower rust control,followed by 0.4%osthol(SL)and 80%garlic oil(EC).

关 键 词：植物源杀菌剂 毒力测定 施药适期 粘附性 向日葵锈菌 

分 类 号：S435.655[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]