珍稀濒危植物蒜头果扦插繁殖技术  

Propagation Techniques by Cuttings for Rare and Endangered Species Malania oleifera

作　　者：卯吉华 卯梅华 贾代顺 景跃波 李勇鹏 李荣波 陈海云 朱代博 Mao Jihua;Mao Meihua;Jia Daishun;Jing Yuebo;Li Yongpeng;Li Rongbo;Chen Haiyun;Zhu Daibo(Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming650201,P.R.China;Forestry Vocational Technical School of Yunnan Province;Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau of Shanxi Province)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原科学院,昆明650201 [2]云南省林业高级技工学校 [3]陕西周至国家级自然保护区管理局

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2023年第7期39-45,67,共8页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960309);2022年云南省科技兴边富民项目;云南省林业和草原局科技创新项目(K202222025);云南省林业和草原科学院院级学科团队项目(LKYTD-2018-6)。

摘　　要：为优化濒危植物蒜头果扦插繁殖技术,培育大量蒜头果无性系优良单株,满足高价值蒜头果产业发展需要,采用正交试验设计,通过对生根率、根系效果指数等指标的测算,探究不同扦插基质、生长调节剂种类、质量浓度和处理时间对蒜头果扦插繁殖的影响,并运用隶属函数值法对各处理扦插效果进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)蒜头果插穗生根属于混合生根类型,但皮部生根是蒜头果扦插的主要生根方式,占总生根数的65.58%。(2)4种生长调节剂中,单独使用艾比蒂1号和萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸质量比1∶1混合使用处理的插穗生根效果最好,萘乙酸处理插穗生根效果最差。(3)不同生长调节剂质量浓度中,1.0 g·L^(-1)处理扦插效果最好,0.4 g·L^(-1)扦插效果最差。(4)不同处理时间以速蘸10 s的扦插综合效果最佳,浸泡60 min的扦插效果最差。(5)扦插基质以草炭、珍珠岩体积比为5∶1复配扦插效果最好,单一草炭的扦插效果最差。(6)16个处理组合中,A_2B_3C_4D_1处理组合(草炭、珍珠岩体积比5∶1为基质,在1.0 g·L^(-1)的艾比蒂1号中速蘸10 s)的平均隶属函数值最大,为0.74,综合生根效果最好,A_(1)B_(1)C_(1)D_(1)处理组合(草炭为基质,在0.4 g·L^(-1)的吲哚丁酸中速蘸10 s)的平均隶属函数值最小,生根效果最差。综合试验结果,皮部生根是蒜头果扦插繁殖的主要生根方式,筛选出蒜头果扦插繁殖最佳处理为采用质量浓度为1.0 g·L^(-1)的艾比蒂1号速蘸10 s扦插于草炭和珍珠岩体积比为5∶1的基质中。The study was conducted to optimize the cutting-based propagation technique of Malania oleifera and the sufficient planting materials of superior clones.Using the orthogonal test,the effects of culture substrate,type and concentration of plant growth regulators,regulator treatment time on rooting rate and root effect index were measured,and the subordinate function values of the tested treatments were calculated to achieve a comprehensive evaluation.The adventitious roots were mainly induced from the bark but could also develop from callus tissues,and 65.58%of the rooted cuttings were initiated from the bark.Among the four tested growth regulators,ABT#1 was the most effective one,followed by NAA+IBA(1∶1 for mass ratio),and the effect of NAA was the lowest.A higher concentration(1 g·L^(-1))of the growth regulator was good for rooting compared with lower concentrations(0.4 g·L^(-1)).Dipping the cuttings in the solution of growth regulator for 10 s was the best treatment for cutting,whereas,long time soaking as 60 min in one treatment of this study got the lowest rooting rate.The optimized formulation of the substrate was peat and perlite(5∶1 for v/v),whereas the effect of pure peat was not promising.Among the 16 treatments,treatment A 2B 3C 4D 1(peat and perlite of 51 for v/v,ABT#1 of 1 g·L^(-1),dipping for 10 s)achieved the best rooting performance,with the maximum value of subordinate function of 0.74,and the subordinate function value of treatment A_(1)B_(1)C_(1)D_(1)(pure peat as substrate,IBA of 0.4 g·L^(-1),dipping for 10 s)was the lowest.Therefore,the adventitious roots of M.oleifer amainly sprouted from the bark.The optimized treatment for cutting root induction was dipping the cuttings with ABT-1#of 1 g·L^(-1) for 10 s,and the suggested culture substrate was peat and perlite(5∶1 for v/v).

关 键 词：蒜头果 扦插繁殖 基质 生长调节剂 生根效果 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]