基于手机位置数据的地震重灾区识别方法研究  

Study on recognizing method of earthquake heavy disaster area from location data of mobile phones

作　　者：徐敬海 安基文[2] 李博 聂高众[2] XU Jinghai;AN Jiwen;LI Bo;NIE Gaozhong(School of Geomatics Science and Technology,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China;Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学测绘科学与技术学院,江苏南京211816 [2]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2023年第3期14-22,共9页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1504503);中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项(IGCEA2106);国家自然科学基金项目(42271420)。

摘　　要：震后快速确定地震重灾区对于准确地开展地震应急救援工作具有重要的指导意义。以九寨沟地震为案例,探索了一种基于手机位置数据的地震重灾区识别方法。文中首先介绍了灾情识别的原理和框架,通过分析地震前后手机位置数据的变化,推演地震前后灾区人员分布的变化,并进一步反演地震重灾区的空间分布。灾情分析分为两个阶段:手机位置数据预处理和地震重灾区识别。手机位置数据预处理是将文本格式的手机位置数据空间化处理,包括从手机位置数据分析的角度确定震前和震后时间,即名义地震时间,接着根据名义地震时间采用栅格地图的方式转换文本手机位置数据。接着采用冷热点空间分析方法,分析地震前后人员分布增加或减少明显的区域,从而确定地震重灾区分布和人员安置区。利用标准差椭圆方法推演地震断裂带破裂方向,为震后快速评估地震造成的损失提供基础。对比九寨沟地震实际地震影响场,发现分析出的地震重灾区和安置区与其基本一致,检测出的发震断裂带方向也与震后科学考察一致,验证了文中分析方法的有效性。After an earthquake,quickly detecting heavy disaster areas of the earthquake will provide important guidance for accurate emergency rescue and relief.Using the Jiuzhaigou earthquake as a case,a recognition method of the heavy disaster area is presented that is based on mobile phone location data.Firstly,we describe the principal and framework of the method by analyzing the changes of location data of cell phones before and after the earthquake and deducing the population change in the disaster area to infer the spatial distribution of the heavy disaster area.The disaster information analysis process includes two phases:pre-processing location data of mobile phones and heavy disaster area recognition.The pre-processing period is spatialization location data of mobile phones from text format.The earthquake time has been re-considered from the angle of disaster information extraction and also is called nomination earthquake time.Then the cool and hot spots analysis methods are utilized to extract areas that the population shapely increase and decrease.So the heavy disaster areas and the areas that suit to settle down the refugees are determined.Meanwhile,the rupture direction is reckoned through the method of standard deviation ellipse,which provides the foundation to evaluate the disaster losses.The analysis results are consistent with the real seismic influence field of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake,which validates the feasibility of the studied method.

关 键 词：地震应急 手机位置数据 地震灾情 重灾区 空间分析 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] P315.9[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]