11年生柚木无性系遗传变异与优良无性系选择  

Genetic Variation and Superior Clone Selection of 11-year-old Tectona grandis Clones

作　　者：黄桂华[1] 梁坤南[1] 付强 王先棒 周再知[1] 周强 张绍祥 Huang Guihua;Liang Kunnan;Fu Qiang;Wang Xianbang;Zhou Zaizhi;Zhou Qiang;Zhang Shaoxiang(Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,China Academy of Forestry,Guangzhou 510520,P.R.China;Forestry and Grassland Seedling Workstation of Puer City,Yunnan;Forestry Technology Extension Centre of Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County,Yunnan)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广州510520 [2]云南省普洱市林业和草原种苗工作站 [3]云南省景谷傣族彝族自治县林业技术推广中心

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2023年第8期18-22,64,共6页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0600602)。

摘　　要：以从每个柚木(Tectona grandis L.f.)种源试验林、家系试验林的种源以及国内早期引种的人工林(片林)中各选出的3株以上最优单株,经组培繁殖的23个无性系为研究对象,以海南尖峰岭无性系种子园中选出1株优树采集种子培育的实生苗为对照,所有苗木以1年生营养袋苗经修剪后的裸根截干造林;以云南省普洱市景谷傣族彝族自治县益智乡的威远江干热河谷为试验地,采用完全随机区组设计,6株单行小区,6次重复;穴状整地,2010年6月9—10日种植,株行距2.5 m×4.0 m,种植后3 a抚育8次、追肥4次;11年生时,测定无性系的树高、胸径、冠幅、树干通直度,计算单株材积;采用统计分析软件(Genstat)以单株观测值为统计单元进行生长性状和形质性状方差分析、邓肯多重比较和主成分分析,采用ASReml-R软件计算表型相关性、遗传相关性等;依据各无性系主成分得分,按20%的入选率综合遴选优良无性系。结果表明:11年生6个性状柚木无性系间差异达极显著,其中,7029无性系的树高、胸径、单株材积、冠幅与对照差异显著,分别提高了9.21%、18.73%、45.36%、16.38%,分别是试验林平均值的1.22、1.32、1.93、1.34倍。不同性状表型变异系数范围为0~69.39%,单株材积变异系数最大(达34.26%~69.39%);无性系各性状主要受遗传影响,重复力较高(达0.8885~0.9419)。柚木无性系树高、胸径、单株材积、冠幅,相互间的表型相关和遗传相关达极显著正相关;无性系树干通直度,与树高、胸径、单株材积、冠幅的遗传相关显著,表型相关不显著。以各无性系在贡献率95.45%的第一主分得分值大小和20%的入选率,综合选出4个优良无性系(7029、7531、Z408、8301),树高、胸径、单株材积、树干通直度、冠幅的遗传增益,分别为12.82%、17.24%、45.58%、4.96%、17.50%;其中最优的7029无性系遗传增益极显著,分别达到20.35%、28.74%、82.53%、6.02%、31.82%。Twenty-three clones of teak(Tectona grandis L.f.),propagated by tissue culture from more than three superior individual trees selected from each provenance trial,family test and early introduced plantation in China,were used as the research object.One superior tree selected from Jianfengling clonal seed orchard in Hainan was used as control.All seedlings were planted by cutting bare roots of one-year-old nutrition bag seedlings after pruning.The Weiyuan River dry-hot valley in Yizi Township,Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County,Puer City,Yunnan Province was selected as the experimental site.A completely random block design was adopted,with 6 single-row plots and 6 repetitions.The plot was prepared in hole shape,planted on June 9-10,2010,with row spacing of 2.5 m×4.0 m.After planting for 3 a,it was tended for 8 times and fertilized for 4 times.At the age of 11 a,the tree height,DBH,crown width and stem straightness of clones were measured,and the individual volume of each tree was calculated.Genstat statistical analysis software was used to conduct ANOVA,Duncan multiple comparison and principal component analysis of growth traits and shape and quality traits with the observed values of individual plants as statistical units.ASML-R software was used to calculate phenotypic correlation and genetic correlation.According to the principal component score of each clone,the excellent clones were selected according to the selection rate of 20%.The results showed that there were highly significant differences in 6 traits among 11-year-old clones.Among them,tree height,DBH,individual volume and crown width of 7029 clone were significantly different from those of the control by increasing 9.21%,18.73%,45.36%and 16.38%,and were 1.22,1.32,1.93 and 1.34 times of those average of the experimental forest,respectively.The phenotypic variation coefficient of different traits ranged from 0 to 69.39%,and the variation coefficient with 34.26-69.39%for individual volume was the largest.Clone traits mainly affected by genetic factors had

关 键 词：柚木 无性系 遗传变异 优良无性系选择 

分 类 号：S718.46[农业科学—林学] S722.3