“创业回流”主导的县域城镇化及其特征分析——以湖北三地为例  

RETURN MIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS-LED URBANIZATION OF COUNTIES IN CHINA AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS:THREE CASES IN HUBEI PROVINCE

作　　者：喻乐 李志刚[1,2] 刘达 YU Le;LI Zhigang;LIU Da

机构地区：[1]武汉大学城市设计学院 [2]中国城市规划学会

出　　处：《城市规划》2023年第6期43-50,共8页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“中部大城市的老旧小区研究:演化、效应与对策”(42171203);国家自然科学基金项目“新型城镇化下的‘创业移民’社会空间研究——以广州、武汉、湖北天沔地区为例”(41771167)。

摘　　要：近年来,县域城镇化问题备受关注。面向加快构建“新发展格局”国家重大战略需求,在人口回流背景下,中西部地区如何立足自身优势,因地制宜地探索县域城镇化模式,成为亟待回答的问题。研究采用第一手调查数据,结合定性研究方法,通过对湖北汉川、仙桃、天门等三个县级市进行实证研究,发现“创业回流”已成为中部县域城镇化的重要动力之一。创业回流群体主要包括企业家与家庭作坊主。受政府企业主义、个体企业家精神、平台经济等影响,该群体推动了县城与乡镇的城镇化进程,同时呈现正面和负面效应。正面效应包括:产业园区成为县域经济的核心增长点,家庭作坊集聚降低县域人口就业门槛,乡镇工业发展驱动“消费进城”等;负面效应包括:回流企业联系弱制约产业转型升级,乡镇土地粗放利用乃至存在违规问题。建议地方政府加强县域基础设施与公共服务配套,提高区域资源环境利用效益,增强对创业回流群体的吸引力,为实现以县城为重要载体的城镇化提供支撑。In recent years,the urbanization of counties has gained significant attention.In order to meet the national strategic needs for accelerating the establishment of a“new development pattern”,it is imperative to answer the question of how central and western regions in China explore the county urbanization model based on their own advantages and local conditions in the context of return migration.Accordingly,this paper conducts an empirical study on Hanchuan,Xiantao,and Tianmen–three county-level cities in Hubei Province based on the first-hand survey data and qualitative research methods,finding that return migrant entrepreneurs(RMEs)have emerged as a major driving force behind urbanization of counties in central China.Specifically,the RME group comprises entrepreneurs and owners of family workshops.Influenced by state entrepreneurship policies,individual entrepreneurial initiatives,and the rise of the platform economy,RMEs have propelled the urbanization process within counties and townships,which present both positive and negative impacts.The positive impacts of county urbanization are manifold.To be specific,industrial parks have emerged as crucial economic growth centers,while clusters of family workshops have generated employment opportunities for the local population.Additionally,the development of township industries has incentivized migrants to consume in townships.The negative effects include:weak interconnections among return enterprises limiting industrial transformation and upgrading,and excessive or even illegal use of township land.To address these challenges,we recommend that the government should improve the county-level infrastructure and the supporting public service facilities.Moreover,efforts should be made to improve regional resources,enhance environmental benefits,and foster an environment that is attractive to RMEs.By doing so,China can offer robust support for the advancement of county urbanization.

关 键 词：人口回流 创业回流 农民工 县域城镇化 湖北 

分 类 号：F291.1[经济管理—国民经济]