云南省鹤庆县2011-2020年动物鼠疫监测结果分析  

Surveillance results of animal plague in Heqing county,Yunnan province,China,2011-2020

作　　者：张晓云 刘正祥[2] 苏丽琼[2] 罗剑龙 朱春文 和凤英 孙克香 邵宗体 蔡文凤[2] ZHANG Xiao-yun;LIU Zheng-xiang;SU Li-qiong;LUO Jian-long;ZHU Chun-wen;HE Feng-ying;SUN Ke-xiang;SHAO Zong-ti;CAI Wen-feng(School of Public Health,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Yunnan Center of Plague Control and Prevention,Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Heqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Heqing,Yunnan 671500,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000 [2]云南省地方病防治所,云南省鼠疫防治研究中心,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000 [3]大理白族自治州疾病预防控制中心,云南大理671000 [4]鹤庆县疾病预防控制中心,云南鹤庆671500

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2023年第3期344-350,355,共8页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：徐建国院士工作站(2018IC155);云南省高校自然疫源性疾病流行病学科技创新团队(云教发〔2020〕102号)。

摘　　要：目的调查云南省鹤庆县2011-2020年鼠疫宿主及媒介的种群数量变化,监测动物鼠疫疫情动态,评估鼠疫风险,为鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法按照《全国鼠疫监测方案》和《云南省鼠疫监测方案》开展动物鼠疫监测,收集整理2011-2020年鹤庆县鼠疫宿主、媒介、病原学和免疫学监测资料,对监测结果进行统计分析。结果2011-2020年鹤庆县动物鼠疫监测共捕获小型兽类4146只,隶属2目4科7属10种,居民区以黄胸鼠(82.89%)和褐家鼠(10.10%)为优势种,农耕区以大绒鼠(71.65%)和齐氏姬鼠(19.67%)为优势种,居民区和农耕区小兽平均密度分别为0.66%和3.89%,二者之间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1770.463,P<0.001)。共检获小兽体表寄生蚤4科7属7种3229匹,染蚤率为36.78%,蚤指数为0.78,以方叶栉眼蚤(85.81%)和特新蚤指名亚种(11.12%)为优势种,未发现印鼠客蚤。对4078只小兽、1587组蚤类做了鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)分离培养,对1712份样本做了间接血凝试验鼠疫F1抗体检测,对354份样本做了反向间接血凝试验鼠疫F1抗原检测,其中2017年小兽脏器检出鼠疫菌7株,蚤类检出鼠疫菌3株,活鼠鼠疫F1抗原阳性3份。结论鹤庆县鼠疫疫源地宿主和媒介构成优势种突出,种类组成和数量变化趋势不明显。近年动物疫情发生和流行风险较大,主要宿主密度升高与动物疫情发生流行密切相关,需扩大监测面,提高监测质量,加强监测预警和风险评估,落实联防联控综合防控措施。Objective To investigate the population changes of plague hosts and vectors,monitor plague epizootics,and assess the risk of plague in Heqing county,Yunnan province,China from 2011 to 2020,and to provide a scientific basis for plague prevention and control.Methods Animal plague surveillance was carried out according to the National Plague Surveillance Program and the Yunnan Provincial Plague Surveillance Program.The surveillance data on plague hosts,vectors,etiology,and immunology in Heqing county from 2011 to 2020 were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 4146 small mammals were captured in animal plague surveillance in Heqing county from 2011 to 2020,belonging to 10 species,7 genera,4 families,and 2 orders.In residential areas,Rattus tanezumi(82.89%)and R.norvegicus(10.10%)were the dominant species,while in farming areas,Eothenomys miletus(71.65%)and Apodemus chevrieri(19.67%)were the dominant species.The average small mammals densities in residential and farming areas were 0.66%and 3.89%,respectively,which were statistically different(χ^(2)=1770.463,P<0.001).A total of 3229 ectoparasitic fleas were collected from the small mammals,belonging to 7 species,7 genera,and 4 families.The flea infestation rate was 36.78%,and the flea index was 0.78.The dominant species were Ctenophthalmus quadratus(85.81%)and Neopsylla specialis specialis(11.12%).Xenopsylla cheopis was not found.A total of 4078 small animals and 1587 groups of flea were examined for Yersinia pestis isolation and culture,1712 samples were examined for plague F1 antibody with indirect hemagglutination assay,and 354 samples were examined for plague F1 antigen with reverse indirect hemagglutination assay.In 2017,7 and 3 strains of Y.pestis were detected in small mammals’organs and fleas,respectively;and 3 samples of living rodents were positive for plague F1 antigen.Conclusions In the plague foci of Heqing county,the dominant species of plague hosts and vectors were prominent,with no obvious change in species composition and quantity.The increase

关 键 词：鼠疫 动物 监测 鹤庆 

分 类 号：R516.78[医药卫生—内科学] S443[医药卫生—临床医学] R384.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]