青海省黄河流域人居环境蚊类物种组成及空间分布特征  

Species composition and spatial distribution of mosquitoes in human habitats in Yellow River basin in Qinghai province,China

作　　者：王蓉 刘起勇[2] 陆涛[1] 张宪青 马永成[3] 郭玉红[2] 马斌忠[3] 刘桂香[3] 蒋明霞[3] 程晓兰 WANG Rong;LIU Qi-yong;LU Tao;ZHANG Xian-qing;MA Yong-cheng;GUO Yu-hong;MA Bin-zhong;LIU Gui-xiang;JIANG Ming-xia;CHENG Xiao-lan(Qinghai College of Health Sciences and Technology,Xining,Qinghai 810000,China;State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Department of Vector Biology and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Qinghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xining,Qinghai 810007,China;Dalian International Travel Healthcare Cnter,Dalian,Liaoning 116007,China)

机构地区：[1]青海卫生职业技术学院,青海西宁810000 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所媒介生物控制室,传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京102206 [3]青海省疾病预防控制中心,青海西宁810007 [4]大连国际旅行卫生保健中心,辽宁大连116007

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2023年第3期389-393,399,共6页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所公共卫生突发应急反应机制运行项目(131031102000180007)。

摘　　要：目的了解青海省黄河流域地区,以人居环境为主的生境中蚊类物种组成及其主要空间分布特征。方法以青海省内黄河流域10个县(市、区)为研究空间范围,于2018-2021年每年的7-9月,在农村畜圈及人居住房周边采用功夫小帅诱蚊灯对夜间活动的吸血蚊虫进行采样、分类鉴定,并利用Excel 2016软件建立数据库,计算种群优势度、生态位宽度等;使用SPSS 22.0软件对蚊虫种间的相关系数进行系统聚类分析。结果共捕获蚊类4属12种2684只,其中刺扰伊蚊的物种多度为30.030,在数量上为优势种;刺扰伊蚊、背点伊蚊、淡色库蚊和凶小库蚊的物种多度>10.000,屑皮伊蚊、背点伊蚊、刺扰伊蚊、淡色库蚊的生态幅宽度>6,背点伊蚊、凶小库蚊、中华按蚊、黄色伊蚊地理生态位宽度≥1.000;近90%的蚊种之间都能产生生态位重叠,>0.50的重叠对数为13对(其中包括1对完全重叠)。在贵德县采样时首次发现短柄伊蚊。结论刺扰伊蚊、背点伊蚊和淡色库蚊在青海省黄河流域人居环境蚊类物种分布的数量、生态幅宽度、物种多度、地理生态位宽度及生态位重叠均较高,这些蚊种在高原地区有较高的空间分布和物种竞争能力;调查首次在青海省发现短柄伊蚊,属于青海省新记录。Objective To investigate the species composition and spatial distribution of mosquitoes in the human habitats of the Yellow River basin in Qinghai province,China.Methods Ten counties/cities/districts in the Yellow River basin in Qinghai province were set as the study space.From July to September of 2018 to 2021,blood-sucking mosquitoes active at night were collected using mosquito trap lamps(Gongfu Xiaoshuai)around rural livestock pens and residential houses,followed by identification and classification.Excel 2016 was used to establish the database to calculate population dominance and niche breadth.SPSS 22.0 was used to perform hierarchical cluster analysis on the correlation coefficients between mosquito species.Results A total of 2684 mosquitoes belonging to 12 species of 4 genera were captured,among which Aedes vexans was the dominant species with species abundance of 30.030.The species abundance of Aedes vexans,Ae.falvidorsalis,Culex pipiens pallens,and Cx.modestus is more than 10.000;The ecological breadth of Ae.detrituss,Ae.dorsalis,Ae.vexans,and Cx.pipiens pallens is more than 6;Geographic niche width of Ae.dorsalis,Cx.modestus,Anopheles sinensis,and Ae.flavescens is greater than or equal to 1.000.There were niche overlaps among 90%of mosquito species,with 13 pairs>0.50(including one pair with a complete overlap).Ae.sergievi was found in Guide county for the first time.Conclusions Ae.vexans,Ae.dorsalis,and Cx.pipiens pallens have relatively high numbers of species,species abundance,ecological amplitude,niche breadth,and niche overlap in human habitats in the Yellow River basin of Qinghai province.These mosquito species are widely distributed and highly competitive in the plateau.It is the first time to discover Ae.sergievi,a new record in Qinghai province,China.

关 键 词：黄河流域 蚊虫群落结构 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 短柄伊蚊 青海省 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]