基于红外相机技术分析不同人类干扰强度对森林动物栖息的影响  

Effects of Different Degree of Human Disturbance on Forest Wildlife Habitats Based on Camera Trap Data

作　　者：许大明 吴家连 朱志成 吴逸卿 周荣飞 叶珍林 吴友贵 XU Da-Ming;WU Jia-Lian;ZHU Zhi-Cheng;WU Yi-Qing;ZHOU Rong-Fei;YE Zhen-Lin;WU You-Gui(Qingyuan Conservation Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park,Qingyuan 323800,China)

机构地区：[1]钱江源-百山祖国家公园庆元保护中心,庆元323800

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2023年第3期357-365,共9页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：浙江省庆元县科技项目(No.庆科发[2020]23号)。

摘　　要：人类干扰影响着野生动物的栖息、生存、繁衍等各个环节。干扰强度不同,对野生动物的负面影响也不同。为了了解不同强度人类干扰对野生动物栖息的影响,2021年1月,在浙江百山祖国家级自然保护区,根据人为干扰综合强度预先设定点位,布设40台红外相机。40个点位被分为4种干扰区,干扰强度从低到高依次为基本无干扰区、干扰轻微区、干扰较轻区和干扰较重区,每区10个点位,监测365 d,共监测14585相机日。研究表明:(1)拍摄到野生动物独立照片4256张,其中兽类3485张,鸟类771张。除啮齿类动物外,拍摄到31种动物,其中兽类14种、鸟类17种,另外有3张因照片不够清晰而未能识别鸟的种类。国家一级重点保护野生动物2种,国家二级重点保护野生动物9种。(2)基本无干扰区、干扰轻微区、干扰较轻区及干扰较重区所拍摄到的野生动物独立照片数量和种类分别为1798张29种(兽类15种,鸟类14种)、1308张23种(兽类15种,鸟类8种)、756张19种(兽类12种,鸟类7种)、394张18种(兽类13种,鸟类5种),各区之间的独立照片数量差异极显著(P<0.01)。随着人类干扰强度的增加,拍摄到的独立照片数量逐渐减少,拍摄到的独立照片数量与人类干扰强度之间存在极显著的负线性关系(P<0.01)。同时,随着人类干扰强度的增加,拍摄到的野生动物种类也逐渐减少,尤其是鸟类减少幅度更大。(3)国有林内23台相机拍摄到3163张,计33种(兽类16种、鸟类17种);集体林内17台相机拍摄到1093张,计22种(其中兽类13种、鸟类9种)。集体林内平均每台红外相机拍摄到的照片数量为国有林的46.75%,差异极显著(P<0.01),这可能是由于早些年份的林木采伐使栖息地遭受不同程度的破坏,并导致生境片段化,进而影响野生动物栖息。因而,对于野生动物保护来说,栖息地保护是一项相当重要的工作。[Objectives]It is well known that human disturbance has been affecting the habitat,survival,reproduction of wild animals,with the negative impacts depending on the intensity of human disturbance.In order to understand how the human disturbance impacts wild animals,we set up 40 infrared cameras at the previously selected sites with distinct disturbance intensities in Baishanzu National Nature Reserve,Zhejiang Province,China in January 2021.[Methods]Based on the differences in the human disturbance intensity,the selected sites were divided into four groups(i.e.,few disturbance area,slight disturbance area,minor disturbance area and serious disturbance area,from low to high human disturbance level).The monitoring period lasted 365 days,and there were 14585 camera days in total.Shapiro-test of R software was used for normality test.t-test was used to analyze the difference if the normal distribution was met,and Wilcox-test was used to analyze the difference if the distribution of data was not normal.[Results]4256 independent photographs were taken,of which 3485 were for mammals and 771 were for birds.We found there were 31 species of animals photographed besides rodents,including 14 mammals and 17 birds.Specifically,two of those were under the first-class state protection and nine belonged to the second-class state protection.Because of the blurry images,three photographs of birds were not identified to species.The number of animal species photographed in few disturbance area,slight disturbance area,minor disturbance area and serious disturbance area were 29(15 mammals and 14 birds with 1798 photographs),24(15 mammals and 9 birds with 1308 photographs),20(12 mammals and 8 birds with 756 photographs)and 18(13 mammals and 5 birds with 394 photographs),respectively.It was found that there was a significantly negative relationship between the degree of human disturbance and the number of independent photographs(P 0.01).Namely,with the human disturbance intensifying,less species of animals,particularly for birds,were phot

关 键 词：红外相机技术 人类干扰 野生动物 栖息地 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]