黄河流域土壤侵蚀时空演变与格局特征  

Temporal variation and spatial pattern of soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：迟文峰 王月甜 党晓宏 吴晓光 罗前程 Chi Wenfeng;Wang Yuetian;Dang Xiaohong;Wu Xiaoguang;Luo Qiancheng(College of Resources and Environmental Economics/Academician Expert Workstation for the Coordinated Development of Resources Utilization and Environmental Protection in Northern Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics,Hohhot 010070,China;Baotou Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Baotou 014030,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Land and Spatial Planning,Hohhot 010010,China;Land Reserve Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010041,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古财经大学资源与环境经济学院/祖国北疆资源利用与环境保护协调发展院士专家工作站,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [2]包头市林业和草原局,内蒙古包头014030 [3]内蒙古自治区国土空间规划院,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]内蒙古自治区土地储备中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010041

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2023年第3期305-317,共13页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42061069);内蒙古自治区自然资源厅科创项目(内蒙古黄河流域国土空间“韧性”格局与实现路径应用研究);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG010);2021年内蒙古自治区人才开发基金高层次人才个人项目;2022年度内蒙古自治区“草原英才”工程青年创新创业人才资助项目。

摘　　要：中国土壤侵蚀类型多样、过程复杂,精准量化流域土壤风蚀和水蚀强度状况,掌握流域土壤侵蚀时空分布格局并辨识区域主导侵蚀类型,对统筹相应的水土保持工作具有重要意义。综合遥感监测、地面调查、模型模拟等手段,定量刻画黄河流域2000—2020年土壤风蚀和水蚀强度的时空格局与演变规律,开展土壤侵蚀类型分区,讨论不同土壤侵蚀分区治理措施的重要作用。结果表明:黄河流域土壤风蚀、水蚀强度均整体呈下降趋势,土壤风蚀、水蚀分别呈波动降低、持续降低态势。以土壤风蚀和土壤水蚀为主的区域分别占区域总面积的16.35%、83.65%,土壤侵蚀类型分区自北向南总体表现为从土壤风蚀为主向水蚀为主过渡。土壤风蚀为主的区域分布在黄河干流上游水系、鄂尔多斯内流区,分别占土壤风蚀区面积的41.53%和28.57%。土壤风蚀中度侵蚀强度所占比例最大,为24.72%。土壤水蚀为主的区域主要分布在黄河中游水系(25.04%)、渭河-伊洛河水系(22.06%)、黄河源头水系(18.60%)、黄河干流上游水系(15.49%)、湟水-洮河水系(13.35%)。土壤水蚀以微度侵蚀强度为主,占土壤水蚀区面积的49.30%,轻度(17.28%)、中度(14.98%)、强烈(11.95%)侵蚀强度交错分布。针对土壤侵蚀类型分区特点,提出了土壤风蚀区以植被恢复、农业绿洲等措施为主,土壤水蚀区以农业耕作措施、林草措施及工程措施为主进行防护和治理的方案,为黄河流域生态系统的高质量发展提供科学指导。The soil erosion in China was characterized by various types and complicated processes.It is of great significance to accurately quantify the temporal variation and spatial patterns of soil wind erosion and water erosion intensity in watersheds,to identify regional dominant erosion types for reasonable arrangement of soil and water conservation measures.This study quantified the temporal and spatial patterns and evolution of soil wind erosion and water erosion intensity in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020 combined remote sensing monitoring,field survey,and model simulation,revealed soil erosion type area,and its significance to zoning control of soil erosion.The results showed that:(1)The intensity of soil wind erosion and water erosion in the region showed a downward trend as a whole,while the wind erosion and water erosion showed a fluctuation and continuous decrease,respectively.In the past 20 years,the modulus of soil wind erosion and soil water erosion have respectively decreased at a rate of 18.88 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1)and 34.98 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1).(2)The type zones dominated by soil wind erosion and soil water erosion accounted for 16.35%and 83.65%of the total land area of the region,respectively,and the overall performance of soil erosion type zoning from north to south was the transition from soil wind erosion to water erosion.The areas dominated by soil wind erosion were distributed in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Yellow River and the Ordos inland flow area,accounting for 41.53%and 28.57%of the area of soil wind erosion area,respectively.Moderate erosion intensity of soil wind erosion accounted for the largest proportion,24.72%.The areas dominated by soil water erosion were distributed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River(25.04%),the Wei River-Yiluo River system(22.06%),the source water system of the Yellow River(18.60%),the upper reaches of the Yellow River(15.49%),Huangshui-Taohe River System(13.35%).Soil water erosion was mainly micro-erosion intensity,accounting for 49.30%of t

关 键 词：土壤风蚀 土壤水蚀 时空演变 侵蚀类型分区 黄河流域 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]