回忆疗愈:过往旅游经历对老年人不幸福感的治愈作用研究  

Reminiscence Therapy:The Healing Effect of Past Travel Experiences on the Unhappiness of the Elderly

作　　者：吕兴洋[1] 刘涛[1] 谢小凤 黄雷 张凤英 LYU Xingyang;LIU Tao;XIE Xiaofeng;HUANG Lei;ZHANG Fengying(School of Business Administration,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu 611130,China;West China Hospital,Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学工商管理学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川大学华西医院/四川大学华西护理学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2023年第6期74-89,共16页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“养老机构护理风险发生机理及预警机制研究”(71871147)、“合作形态养老机构失信风险的形成机理与防治机制研究”(72271172);四川省科技厅项目“WHO痴呆症照护iSupport项目高端国际人才引进专项研究”(2023JDGD0035)、“少数民族地区老年人慢性病防控科普培训”(2023JDKP0033);西南财经大学光华英才项目共同资助。

摘　　要：在我国社会老龄化程度不断加深的背景下,寻求治疗老年人心理问题的有效疗愈手段,是提升老年人幸福感水平、实现健康老龄化的重要保障。文章基于回忆疗法,以过往旅游经历作为回忆内容,采用3个现场实验验证其对老年人心理问题的疗愈作用。其中,实验一检验回忆过往旅游经历对老年人心理问题的疗愈效果及作用机制;实验二进一步对比不同回忆内容的疗愈效果差异;实验三验证不同时期的旅游经历对老年人幸福感的提升作用。实验结果表明,回忆过往旅游经历一方面通过提升积极情绪增强老年人当下幸福感,另一方面通过提升存在意义感增强老年人回溯幸福感,对老年心理问题具有疗愈作用。此外,相比于回忆过往生活经历,回忆过往旅游经历尤其是早年旅游经历的疗愈效果更好。研究结论不仅在更大的时间尺度上探讨了旅游经历对老年人幸福感的积极影响,剖析了旅游对个体生命的整体意义,还证明了旅游经历在心理问题治疗领域的重要价值,为健康老龄化的实现提供了建议。As the population aging becomes more serious in China,the mental health problem of the elderly is increasingly in the forefront.Against this backdrop,responding proactively to population aging has made a crucial national strategy,and the efforts to explore effective methods for treating psychological problems in the elderly is an important basis for enhancing their happiness and achieving healthy aging.Utilizing reminiscence therapy,a non-pharmacological psychological intervention,this study tested the healing effect of recalling past travel experiences on the psychological problems of the elderly and investigated the mechanism of action based on the socioemotional selectivity theory(SST),the psychosocial developmental theory,and the reminiscence bump effect.Three field experiments were conducted in 11 nursing homes in Chengdu.Experiment 1 compared the healing effect and mechanism of reminiscing past travel experiences with that of daily conversations to prove the rationality of adopting reminiscence therapy.Then,with a focus on reminiscence therapy,Experiment 2 compared the healing effect of recalling travel experiences with that of recalling life experiences and clarifies the unique healing value of recalling travel experiences.In Experiment 3,past travel experiences were divided into three stagesearly,middle,and lateand the effect of recalling travel experiences in different periods on enhancing different dimensions of happiness in the elderly was analyzed.The experimental results suggested that recalling past travel experiences enhances both the present happiness of senier individuals by boosting positive emotions and their retrospective happiness by increasing the presence of meaning,which has a significant healing effect on psychological problems in old age.In contrast,daily conversations,a common intervention to improve the emotional state of the elderly,have no obvious positive effect in tackling psychological problems.Moreover,there is no distinct difference in the effects of different reminiscence conte

关 键 词：心理疗愈 旅游者幸福感 回忆疗法 老年人 过往旅游经历 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]