电磁微成形技术研究进展  

Research progress of electromagnetic micro⁃forming technology

作　　者：朱成席 徐杰[1,2] 于海平[2] 单德彬[1,2] 郭斌[1,2] ZHU Cheng-xi;XU Jie;YU Hai-ping;SHAN De-bin;GUO Bin(Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150080,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Ningbo Branch,Ordnance Science Institute of China,Ningbo 315103,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学微系统与微结构制造教育部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080 [2]哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院,浙江宁波315103

出　　处：《塑性工程学报》2023年第6期22-36,共15页Journal of Plasticity Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1505900);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51635005)。

摘　　要：随着塑性微成形特征尺寸进一步缩小,材料种类不断扩大,单纯依靠模具施加载荷的方法已经越来越难以制备出满足尺寸精度和使用性能要求的微型三维构件,亟需探索新的塑性微成形新原理、新方法和新工艺。电磁微成形技术是一种利用载流导体在磁场中受到洛伦兹力而变形的高应变速率成形方法,能够有效克服微成形过程中成形性能下降、尺寸精度难以保障等问题,具有拓展塑性微成形应用领域的巨大潜力。首先从电磁成形技术的原理与特点出发,介绍了电磁成形过程中高应变速率效应对材料性能的特殊作用,然后综合分析了微成形过程中尺度效应对材料力学行为和成形性能的影响规律及相关机制,详细评述了电磁微成形技术在金属超薄板冲压以及金属表面微纳结构压印中的优势与不足,最后总结并提出了电磁微成形技术在理论和工艺方面所面临的机遇与挑战。With the further miniaturization of feature size and the increasing variety of materials in plastic micro⁃forming,more and more challenges will be faced to produce micro 3D components that meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy and service performance by simply relying on the mold loading.It is urgent to explore new micro⁃forming principles,new methods and new processes.Electromagnetic micro⁃forming technology is a high strain rate forming method that utilizes the Lorentz force which is imposed on a current⁃carrying conduc⁃tor in the magnetic field.It can effectively overcome the problems of the decline of forming performance and difficulty to guarantee dimen⁃sional accuracy in the micro⁃forming process,and has great potential to expand the application field of plastic micro⁃forming.Firstly,based on the principle and characteristics of electromagnetic forming,the special effect of high strain rate effect on the material properties in the electromagnetic forming process was introduced.Then,the influence laws and relevant mechanism of size effect on the mechanical behavior and formability of materials in the micro⁃forming process were comprehensively analyzed.The advantages and disadvantages of the electromagnetic micro⁃forming technolgy in the ultra⁃thin sheet metal stamping and micro⁃nano structure embossing on metal surface were commented in detail.Finally,the opportunities and challenges in theory and process faced by electromagnetic micro⁃forming technology were summarized and proposed.

关 键 词：电磁成形 高应变速率成形 微成形 尺度效应 微型构件 

分 类 号：TG389[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]