白龙屿海洋牧场放养中华鲟幼鱼的潜在饵料资源及承载力估算  

ESTIMATION OF POTENTIAL BAIT RESOURCES AND CARRYING CAPACITY OF JUVENILE CHINESE STURGEON(ACIPENSER SINENSIS)IN BAILONG ISLAND MARINE RANCH

作　　者：刘黄欣 冷小茜 王谱渊 罗江[2] 仲嘉 李君轶[2] 熊伟[2] 张立宁[4] 王加新 王成和 杜浩 LIU Huang-Xin;LENG Xiao-Qian;WANG Pu-Yuan;LUO Jiang;ZHONG Jia;LI Jun-Yi;XIONG Wei;ZHANG Li-Ning;WANG Jia-Xin;WANG Cheng-He;DU Hao(College of animal science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute,Wenzhou 325700,China;Zhejiang Dongyi Ocean Group Co.,Ltd,Wenzhou 325701,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学动物科学学院,荆州434025 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,武汉430223 [3]上海海洋大学,上海201306 [4]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,温州325700 [5]浙江东一海洋集团有限公司,温州325701

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第9期1488-1496,共9页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200304);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(32202940)资助。

摘　　要：海洋保种是补充完善中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)生活史,实现陆海接力保种的重要举措,为探究近海围栏是海洋牧场中华鲟幼鱼的潜在饵料资源及承载能力,研究对浙江温州近海的白龙屿海洋牧场进行周年调查,评估了海洋牧场中底栖动物及中下层生物资源量,并通过放养中华鲟摄食生长状况和消化道内容物分析,获得了海洋牧场中中华鲟幼鱼可摄食饵料种类,同时估算了其最大资源承载力。结果表明,白龙屿海洋牧场周年共采集到共47种饵料生物隶属于5门8纲,其中底栖动物38种、中下层生物9种,依据历史记录均为中华鲟可摄食种类;根据消化道内容物实测分析,放养中华鲟能够在海洋牧场中自主摄食,验证其摄食了4门5纲共16种饵料生物,其食物组成按相对重要性指数(IRI)大小排列:甲壳纲(主要为虾蟹类)>腹足纲>鱼纲>瓣鳃纲>多毛纲,摄食偏好按摄食选择系数大小排列:甲壳纲>腹足纲>瓣鳃纲>多毛纲>鱼纲;估算结果表明海域面积650亩的白龙屿海洋牧场中适合中华鲟摄食的饵料资源最大年产量约为818.389 kg,仅靠这些天然饵料供给的情况下,可供69尾中华鲟幼鲟正常生长发育。研究结果表明近海围栏式海洋牧场是中华鲟海洋保种的潜在模式,下一步需要进一步研究人工补充天然饵料模式下如何提升海洋围栏保种的规模和效果,为形成中华鲟陆海接力保种提供基础数据。Mariculture conservation is an important initiative to complement the life history of Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)and implement land-sea relay conservation.In order to investigate the potential bait resources of Chinese sturgeon in offshore marine pastures and the ability of marine enclosures,we conducted an annual survey of the Bailong island marine ranch off the coast of Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province,and assessed the amount of benthic and lower-middle biological resources in the marine ranch.Through the analysis of the feeding and growth status of the Chinese sturgeon and the contents of the digestive tract,the types of food that the Chinese sturgeon can eat in the marine pasture were obtained and verified,and the maximum resource carrying capacity of the Chinese sturgeon was estimated.The results showed that a total of 47 species of prey organisms were collected from the Bailong island marine ranch,belonging to 5 phyla and 8 classes,including 38 species of benthic animals and 9 species of lower-middle organisms.According to historical literature data,all of them could be eaten by Chinese sturgeon;According to the analysis of the contents of the digestive tract,the stocked Chinese sturgeon was adapted to the marine ranch and feed on their own.It is verified that it has ingested a total of 16 species of prey organisms collected from 4 phyla and 5 classes.The food composition was arranged according to the relative importance index(IRI):Crustacea(mainly shrimp and crabs)>Gastropoda>Fish>Pleurobranchia>Polychaete,and the feeding preference was arranged according to the size of the feeding selection coefficient:Crustacea>Belly Foot class>Petalbranch class>Polychaete>Fish.The annual maximum sustainable yield of potential bait resources of Chinese sturgeon in Bailong island marine ranch is about 811.389 kg,which can be used for 69 Chinese sturgeon juveniles to grow to sexual maturity.The results of this study indicate that the offshore fenced marine ranch is a potential model for marine conservation of Chinese stu

关 键 词：海洋牧场 饵料资源 食物组成 海洋保种 中华鲟 

分 类 号：S932.2[农业科学—渔业资源]