中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖1号”连续3个世代的遗传多样性分析  

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THREE CONSECUTIVE GENERATIONS OF ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS“CHANGDANG LAKE 1”

作　　者：庄振俊 唐美君 张冬冬 陈文彬 罗明 成永旭[1] 吴旭干[1,3,4] 陈晓武 ZHUANG Zhen-Jun;TANG Mei-Jun;ZHANG Dong-Dong;CHEN Wen-Bin;LUO Ming;CHENG Yong-Xu;WU Xu-Gan;CHEN Xiao-Wu(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Germplasm Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Fisheries Technical Extension Centre of Changzhou Jintan District,Changzhou 213200,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-culture of Aquaculture Animals,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Ocean University,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [2]常州市金坛区水产技术中心,常州213200 [3]上海市水产动物良种创制与绿色养殖协同创新中心,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范心,上海201306

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2023年第9期1523-1533,共11页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项(2018YFD0900103);江苏省农业农村厅种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]127);江苏金坛区农业农村局科技项目(JTNL2019001)资助。

摘　　要：为了解选育对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)“长荡湖1号”遗传多样性的影响,研究采用20个微卫星位点对“长荡湖1号”A系和B系各连续3个世代进行遗传多样性分析。结果如下:20个微卫星标记在6个群体中共检测到551个等位基因,各位点的平均等位基因数(Na)和平均有效等位基因数(Ne)分别为27.55和13.61,平均观测杂合度(Ho)和平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.72和0.90,平均香农信息指数(I)和多态信息含量(PIC)分别为2.73和0.89。在选育过程中,A系和B系3个世代的PIC均有下降趋势,各群体的He和Ho均维持较高水平。A系子一代(G1)和子二代(G2)的有效群体数量(Ne)分别为72.7和111.8,B系G1和G2的有效群体数量分别为67.7和115.8,均维持在较高水平。Hardy-Weinber平衡检验结果显示,有72.5%的数据偏离Hardy-Weinber平衡,表明选育群体的遗传结构处于相对不稳定的状态。A系和B系后代与G0的遗传距离均逐代增大,其中A系从0.2455增大到0.2607,B系从0.1736增大到0.1751。各群体之间遗传分化指数(Fst)均小于0.05,表明各群体间遗传分化程度微弱。AMOVA分析结果表明,“长荡湖1号”仅0.87%的变异存在于各群体间,而99.13%的变异发生在群体内个体间。综上所述,中华绒螯蟹“长荡湖1号”经过2代选育,选育群体的遗传多样性和有效群体数量依然保持较高水平,但群体遗传结构处于相对不稳定状态,今后选育过程中应该保持足够的繁殖亲本数量和遗传多样性,防止近交退化。In order to explore the genetic diversity of the selective breeding population of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis,20 microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 3 consecutive generations of strain A and strain B of“Changdang Lake 1”Chinese mitten crab.The results are presented in the following,a total of 551 alleles were detected from 20 microsatellite markers for 6 populations.The average number of alleles(Na)were 27.55,the average number of effective alleles(Ne)was 13.61,the average observed heterozygosity(Ho)was 0.72,the average expected heterozygosity(He)was 0.90,the average Shannon information index(I)was 2.73,and the average polymorphic information content(PIC)was 0.89.In the process of breeding,PIC of strain A and strain B had a downward trend,and He and Ho of each population maintained a high level.The effective population size(Ne)in G1 and G2 of strain A were 72.7 and 111.8,and the Ne in G1 and G2 of strain B were 67.7 and 115.8,maintaining a high level.The Hardy-Weinber balance test showed that 72.5%of the data deviated from Hardy-Weinber balance,indicating that the genetic structure of the breeding population was relatively unstable.The genetic distance between G0 and G1 of strain A was 0.2455,and it increased to 0.2607 between G1 and G2.The genetic distance between G0 and G1 of strain B was 0.1736,and it increased to 0.1751 between G1 and G2.The genetic differentiation coefficients(Fst)ranged from 0.0026 to 0.0125,indicating that the genetic differentiations among populations was light.The results of molecular variance analysis(AMOVA)analysis showed that only 0.87%of the variation originated from different populations of“Changdang Lake 1”,while 99.13%variation occurred among individuals within the population.In conclusion,the genetic diversity and the effective population size were maintained high in each population of“Changdang Lake 1”Chinese mitten crab,but the genetic structure was unstable,so enough breeding parents and genetic diversity should be mainta

关 键 词：新品系选育 微卫星标记 遗传多样性 有效群体大小 中华绒螯蟹 

分 类 号：Q346.5[生物学—遗传学]