盐雾对电缆附件硅橡胶电气绝缘性能影响及其机理  

Effect and Mechanism of Salt Spray on Electrical Insulation Properties of Silicone Rubber for Cable Accessories

作　　者：王景兵 张帆[2] 程兆璐 王家兴 周旭光 齐朋帅 魏艳慧 李国倡 WANG Jingbing;ZHANG Fan;CHENG Zhaolu;WANG Jiaxing;ZHOU Xuguang;QI Pengshuai;WEI Yanhui;LI Guochang(CRRC Qingdao Sifang Rolling Stock Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266031,China;Institute of Advanced Electrical Materials,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266042,China)

机构地区：[1]中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司,山东青岛266031 [2]青岛科技大学先进电工材料研究院,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《中国电力》2023年第6期82-89,100,共9页Electric Power

基　　金：山东省高等学校“青创科技支持计划”资助项目(2021KJ023)。

摘　　要：盐雾是近海和海上电力设备运行中不可避免的环境因素,容易引发电缆附件闪络和击穿等放电故障。从微观形貌及官能团特性、憎水性能、介电性能、表面特性和放电特性等方面研究了盐雾处理后硅橡胶材料的电气绝缘性能变化规律,揭示了盐雾对硅橡胶材料绝缘性能的影响机理。实验结果表明:随着老化时间延长,硅橡胶憎水性能逐渐下降,由于盐雾溶液会渗透硅橡胶表面,造成水分子与杂质离子增多,导致表面电阻有所下降,表面缺陷数量增多。此外,沿面闪络电压和击穿强度均有一定程度的降低,这是由于氯离子(Cl–1)具有一定的腐蚀性,会破坏硅橡胶分子链段。研究结果对于电缆附件老化性能与失效评估具有指导意义。Salt spray is an unavoidable environmental factor for the operation of offshore power equipment,which can easily cause discharge faults such as flashover and breakdown of cable accessories.In this paper,a study was conducted on the variation features of electrical insulation properties of silicone rubber materials after salt spray treatment in terms of microstructure,hydrophobic properties,dielectric properties,surface properties and discharge characteristics,and the influence mechanism of salt spray on insulation properties of silicone rubber materials was explored.The experimental results show that the hydrophobic properties of silicone rubber gradually decrease with the aging time.The penetration of salt spray solution into the silicone rubber surface leads to the increase of water molecules and impurity ions,consequently resulting in the decrease of the surface resistivity and the rise of the surface traps.Besides,both of the flashover voltage and the breakdown strength decrease to a certain extent,owing to the corrosion of Cl–1,which will destroy the molecular chain of silicone rubber samples.This study has guiding significance for evaluation of the aging performance and failure of cable accessories.

关 键 词：近海电力设备 电缆附件 硅橡胶 盐雾 绝缘特性 

分 类 号：TM75[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]