断奶仔猪圈舍环境上限温度临界值研究  

Study on the Critical Value of Upper Temperature in Barn of Weaned Piglets

作　　者：邢帅兵 陈帅 刁慧 虞洁[1] XING Shuaibing;CHEN Shuai;DIAO Hui;YU Jie(Institute of Animal Nutrition,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Animal Genetics and Breeding Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Animal Science Academy of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,四川成都611130 [2]四川省畜牧科学研究院,动物遗传育种四川省重点实验室,四川成都610066

出　　处：《养猪》2023年第1期41-46,共6页Swine Production

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划专项(2016YFD0500506);成都市科技计划(2022-YF05-01219-SN)。

摘　　要：本试验以断奶仔猪作为试验动物,通过研究高温对断奶仔猪的生长性能、脏器指数和肠道形态的影响,并以其为热敏感指标对断奶仔猪的上限温度临界值进行探究。将32头平均体重为(7.25±0.08kg)的21日龄“杜×长×大”(DLY)去势公猪,采用随机区组试验设计将其分为4组,即26℃组、29℃组、32℃组、35℃组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。各组圈舍温度分别控制在26±1℃、29±1℃、32±1℃、35±1℃,统一饲喂基础饲粮。试验期21d。结果表明:与26℃组相比,29℃组、32℃组、35℃组猪的ADFI、ADG显著下降(P<0.05),仅35℃组猪的F/G显著升高(P<0.05),通过回归方程计算得到断奶仔猪ADFI、ADG发生显著改变时的临界温度分别为30.02℃、30.63℃;35℃组猪显著降低了肝、脾、肺与胸腺的脏器指数(P<0.05),通过回归方程计算得到断奶仔猪脾、胸腺的脏器指数发生显著改变时的临界温度分别为35.12℃、34.83℃;29℃组、32℃组和35℃组猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度和绒隐比均显著降低(P<0.05);29℃组、32℃组和35℃组猪十二指肠的隐窝深度显著增加(P<0.05),通过回归方程计算得到断奶仔猪十二指肠、空肠和回肠的VH发生显著变化时的临界温度分别为30.12℃、30.16℃、29.88℃。由此可见,在本试验条件下,高温可诱导断奶仔猪发生热应激反应,导致生长性能下降,脏器发育受到抑制,小肠形态结构的完整性受损,以ADFI和ADG为热敏感标识,断奶仔猪(7~14kg)的上限温度临界值为30.0~30.6℃;以脾和胸腺的发育为热敏感标识,上限温度临界值为34.8~35.2℃;以小肠形态为热敏感标识,上限温度临界值为29.9~30.2℃。(Objective)In this experiment,weaned piglets were used as test animals,and the effects of high temperature on growth performance,organ index and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets were studied,and the upper limit temperature critical value of weaned piglets was explored by taking it as heat sensitive index.(Methods)Thirty-two 21-day-old Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire(DLY)castrated boars with an average body weight of(7.25±0.08 kg)were divided into four groups using a random-ized block design with eight replicates per group and one pig per replicate:26℃,29℃,32℃,and 35℃.The pens were controlled at 26±1℃,29±1℃,32±1℃and 35±1℃,respectively,and fed a basal diet.The experiment lasted for 21 days.(Results)The results show that:Compared with 26℃group,ADFI and ADG of pigs in 29℃,32℃and 35℃groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while F/G of pigs in 35℃group was significantly increased(P<0.05).The critical temperatures of ADFI and ADG of weaned piglets were 30.02℃and 30.63℃,respectively.The organ indexes of liver,spleen,lung and thymus in 35℃group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The critical temperatures for the organ indexes of spleen and thymus of weaned piglets were 35.12℃ and 34.83 C,respectively.The villus height and the ratio of villus to crypto in duodenum,jejunum and il-eum of pigs in 29℃,32℃ and 35℃ groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05);the crypt depth of duodenum of piglets in 29℃,32℃and 35℃groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).The critical temperatures of VH of duodenum,jejunum and ileum of weaned piglets were 30.12℃,30.16℃ and 29.88 C,respectively.(Conclusion)In conclusion,under the conditions of this experiment,high temperature can induce heat stress response of weaned piglets,resulting in decreased growth perform-ance,inhibited development of organs,and damaged integrity of small intestine morphology.With ADFI and ADG as heat sensitive marks,the critical upper temperature of weaned piglets(7~14 kg)was 30.0-30.6℃.With the development

关 键 词：断奶仔猪 热应激 肠道健康 临界温度上限 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]