低蛋白质饲料对湘云鲫幼鱼生长性能及肠道、肝脏健康的影响  

Effects of Low Protein Diets on Growth Performance and Intestinal and Liver Health of Juvenile Triploid Crucian Carp

作　　者：席庆凯 徐杭忠 冯麒凤 刘佳裕 赵敏 陈剑斌 李虹 翟旭亮 薛洋 刘天骥 刘匆 顾夕章 李洪琴 罗莉[2] XI Qingkai;XU Hangzhong;FENG Qifeng;LIU Jiayu;ZHAO Min;CHEN Jianbin;LI Hong;ZHAI Xuliang;XUE Yang;LIU Tianji;LIU Cong;GU Xizhang;LI Hongqin;LUO Li(New Hope Liuhe Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100102,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Reproduction and Development,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing,College of Fisheries,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Sheyang Liuhe Feed Co.,Ltd.,Jiangsu Aquatic Biological Environmental Protection Feed Engineering Research Center,Yancheng 224000,China;Chongqing Fishery Technology Promotion Station,Chongqing 400400,China;Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co.Ltd.,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]新希望六和股份有限公司,北京100102 [2]西南大学水产学院,重庆市水产科学重点实验室,淡水鱼类资源与生殖发育教育部重点实验室,重庆400715 [3]射阳六和饲料有限公司,江苏省水产生物环保饲料工程研究中心,盐城224000 [4]重庆市水产技术推广总站,重庆400400 [5]山东新希望六和集团有限公司,青岛市动物饲料安全重点实验室,青岛266061

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第6期3867-3877,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：非粮蛋白饲料提质增效关键技术及产品创制(2021YFD1301004);重庆市生态渔产业技术体系项目(2021)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究低蛋白质饲料对湘云鲫幼鱼生长性能及肠道、肝脏健康的影响。选择初始体重为(37.15±0.46)g、体质健壮的湘云鲫幼鱼360尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾。各组分别饲喂蛋白质水平分别为37%、36%、35%、34%、33%、32%的6种等能饲料。试验期8周。结果表明:1)32%、33%和34%蛋白质水平组的终末均重和特定生长率显著低于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05),32%、33%、34%和35%蛋白质水平组的增重率显著低于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05),32%、33%、34%和35%蛋白质水平组的饲料系数显著高于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。33%蛋白质水平组的脏体比显著低于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。32%、33%、34%、35%和36%蛋白质水平组的全鱼粗蛋白质含量显著低于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05),32%、33%、34%和35%蛋白质水平组的内脏团和肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。2)32%、33%和35%蛋白质水平组的肠道胰蛋白酶活性显著低于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。32%蛋白水平组的肠道绒毛高度显著低于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。32%和33%蛋白质水平组的血浆二胺氧化酶活性显著高于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。3)32%、33%和34%蛋白质水平组的血浆甘油三酯含量显著高于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。32%、33%、34%和35%蛋白质水平组的肝脏总抗氧化能力显著低于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05),32%蛋白质水平组的肝脏丙二醛含量显著高于37%蛋白质水平组(P<0.05)。综上所述,适当降低饲料蛋白质水平(36%)的可在不影响生长性能和肝脏健康的前提下,提高肠道代谢和屏障功能,但饲料蛋白质水平过低(≤35%)会引起生长性能下降,肠道和肝脏健康受损。在本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能与健康状况,饲料蛋白质水平为36%时,不影响湘云鲫幼鱼生长性能和肝脏健康,且有助于激活肠道功能,在实现蛋白质节约的同时保障湘云鲫幼鱼的健康生长This experiment was conducted to study the effects of low protein diets on growth performance and intestinal and liver health of juvenile triploid crucian carp.A total of 360 healthy juvenile triploid crucian carp with the initial weight of(37.15±0.46)g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate.Fish in 6 groups were fed six isoenergetic diets with protein levels of 37%,36%,35%,34%,33%and 32%,respectively.The experiment lasted for 8 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)the final average weight and specific growth rate of 32%,33%and 34%protein level groups were significantly lower than those of 37%protein level group(P<0.05),the weight gain rate of 32%,33%,34%and 35%protein level groups was significantly lower than that of 37%protein level group(P<0.05),and the feed coef⁃ficient of 32%,33%,34%and 35%protein level groups was significantly higher than that of 37%protein lev⁃el group(P<0.05).The viscerosomatic index of 33%protein level group was significantly lower than that of 37%protein level group(P<0.05).The whole fish crude protein content of 32%,33%,34%,35%and 36%protein level groups was significantly lower than that of 37%protein level group(P<0.05),and the visceral mass and muscle ether extract content of 32%,33%,34%,35%and 36%protein level groups was signifi⁃cantly higher than that of 37%protein level group(P<0.05).2)The intestinal trypsin activity of 32%,33%and 35%protein level groups was significantly lower than that of 37%protein level group(P<0.05).The in⁃testinal villi height of 32%protein level group was significantly lower than that of 37%protein level group(P<0.05).The plasm diamine oxidase activity of 32%and 33%protein level groups was significantly higher than that of 37%protein level group(P<0.05).3)The plasm triglyceride content of 32%,33%and 34%protein level groups was significantly higher than that of 37%protein level group(P<0.05).The liver total antioxidant capacity of 32%,33%,34%and 35%protein level groups was significantly lower than

关 键 词：湘云鲫 低蛋白质饲料 生长性能 肠道健康 肝脏健康 

分 类 号：S963.71[农业科学—水产养殖]