含乙醚的化工过程安全设计-以无水无氧条件下α-AlH_(3)的制备为例  

Safety design of chemical processes containing diethyl ether-a case study ofα-AlH_(3) preparation without oxygen and water

作　　者：于飞[1,2] 吴可君 戴立言[1,2] 何潮洪 YU Fei;WU Kejun;DAI Liyan;HE Chaohong(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology,College of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou,Quzhou 324000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省化工高效制造技术重点实验室,浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江大学衢州研究院,浙江衢州324000

出　　处：《高校化学工程学报》2023年第3期449-454,共6页Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities

摘　　要：含能材料氢化铝(α-AlH_(3))的制备常采用湿法工艺,即以AlCl_(3)和LiAlH_(4)为原料,乙醚为溶剂,无水无氧条件下先得到中间产物AlH_(3)•n(Et2O),后在甲苯和环己烷混合液中于80℃脱醚、结晶得到产品。针对该工艺出现安全问题可能性较大的情况,基于本质安全的设计原则,提出了含乙醚过程安全设计的策略,包括工艺的选择和连续化、乙醚的过氧化物含量检测、乙醚在工艺中的存储和输送、乙醚泄漏量的估算及可燃气体报警器布点的方法、静电防护、职业卫生和应急处置预案等,为含乙醚的化工过程的安全设计提供了有益的参考。Energetic material aluminum hydride(α-AlH_(3))is usually prepared by the wet process,i.e.using AlCl_(3) and LiAlH_(4) as raw materials and diethyl ether as solvent to obtain intermediate AlH_(3)•n(Et2O)first under anhydrous and oxygen-free conditions,and then the product was obtained by de-etherification and crystallization in a mixed solvent of toluene and cyclohexane at 80℃.Considering the relatively high safety risk in this process and under the design principle of inherent safety,a safety design strategy was proposed in this study,which considers process selection and continuity,peroxide detection in diethyl ether,diethyl ether storage and transportation,ether leakage estimation,arrangement of flammability gas alarms,electrostatic protection,health and safety,and emergency response plan.The results provide a valuable reference for the safety design of ether-involved chemical processes.

关 键 词：含能材料 氢化铝 乙醚 化工工艺 本质安全设计策略 

分 类 号：TQ062.2[化学工程]