中国半散养与野生麋鹿繁殖期肠道寄生虫感染流行病学调查  

Epidemiological Investigation on Semi-free and Wild Père David’s Deer Intestinal Parasites During Breeding Period in China

作　　者：张树苗[1] 李夷平[1] 陈颀[1] 徐尚华 高琳 单云芳[1] 李俊芳[1] 刘田[1] 白加德[1] Zhang Shumiao;Li Yiping;Chen Qi;Xu Shanghua;Gao Lin;Shan Yunfang;Li Junfang;Liu Tian;Bai Jiade(Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center,Beijing 100076;Guangxi Academy of Forestry Sciences,Nanning 530002;Liaoyang Integrated Agricultural Administration Enforcement Team,Liaoyang 111000)

机构地区：[1]北京麋鹿生态实验中心,北京100076 [2]广西林业科学研究院,南宁530002 [3]辽宁省辽阳市农业综合行政执法队,辽阳111000

出　　处：《湖北林业科技》2023年第3期52-56,79,共6页Hubei Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：北京市财政资金项目“科普研发-基于多参数生命健康指征的麋鹿微损伤性检测技术研究”(11000022T000000440650);国家林业和草原局项目“洞庭湖自然野化麋鹿本底调查”(HF-2021-KY-06)。

摘　　要：肠道寄生虫不仅显著影响宿主的健康状况和生存状态,而且也潜在影响着宿主种群的发展。为了监测我国半散养和野生麋鹿的健康状态,研究麋鹿肠道寄生虫感染状况,本研究于2019年夏季,采用非损伤性采样方法,采集北京南海子麋鹿苑半散养和我国三大野生麋鹿种群新鲜粪便487份,分析麋鹿对寄生虫的感染情况。根据麦克马斯特计数法,对麋鹿种群粪便中寄生虫卵进行镜检计数。结果表明:麋鹿感染的肠道寄生虫主要为圆线虫类、艾美尔球虫、莫尼茨绦虫及毛首鞭形线虫。湖南岳阳东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区圆线虫类及莫尼茨绦虫感染率及感染丰度均比其他地点严重,并且这两种寄生虫的聚集度都比其他地点低,表明宿主-寄生虫的动态稳定平衡存在失衡的危机,存在寄生虫爆发的可能。建议东洞庭湖保护区管理人员对洞庭种群投入更多的监控与管护,预防寄生虫的爆发。本研究为我国麋鹿种群的科学管护及潜在野生栖息地选择提供数据参考。Intestinal parasites not only significantly affect the health and survival status of the host,but also potentially affect the development of the host population.In order to monitor the health status of semi-free-range and wild Père David’s Deerin China and study the intestinal parasitic infection status ofPère David’s Deer,in the summer of 2019,a non-invasive sampling method was used to collect 487 fresh feces from semi-free-range and three wild Père David’s Deer populations in NanhaiziMilu Park in Beijing,and analyze the parasitic infection status of Père David’s Deer.According to the McMaster counting method,the parasitic eggs in the feces of Père David’s Deer population were counted by microscopy.The results showed:Père David’s Deer was mainly infected by Strongylata-like,Eimeria sp.,Moniezia sp.and Trichuris sp.The infection rate and abundance of Strongylata-like and Moniezia sp.in Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve of Yueyang,Hunan were more serious than those in other sites,and the aggregation degree of these two parasites was lower than that in other sites,indicating that the host-parasite dynamic stability balance was in imbalance crisis,and there was a possibility of parasite outbreak.It is suggested that the management personnel of East Dongting Lake Reserve should strengthen the monitoring and management of Dongting population to prevent the outbreak of parasites.This study provides data reference for scientific management and potential wild habitat selection of Père David’s Deer population in China.

关 键 词：麋鹿 肠道寄生虫 感染率 感染丰度 聚集性 

分 类 号：S855.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]