氮肥增效剂与氮肥减量配施对冬小麦叶片生理及产量的影响  

Effects of combined application of nitrogen enhancer and nitrogen reduction on leaf physiology and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：张永强[1] 陈传信 徐其江[1] 聂石辉[1] 雷钧杰[1] 刘昌文 ZHANG Yongqiang;CHEN Chuanxin;XU Qijiang;NIE Shihui;LEI Junjie;LIU Changwen(Research Insititute of Grain Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,MOARA,Urumqi 830091,China;Kashgar Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Kashgar Xinjiang 844000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]喀什地区农业技术推广中心,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第6期1319-1325,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2021B02002,2021B02002-1);国家自然科学基金项目(31960379,51879267);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目;现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03-88)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究氮肥增效剂在小麦氮肥减施上的应用效果,为氮肥增效剂与氮肥减量配施在冬小麦生产中提供指导。【方法】2020~2021年度在大田条件下,以氮肥增效剂(CP)为材料,设置5个氮肥减量配施处理(减氮5%+CP、减氮15%+CP、减氮25%+CP、减氮35%+CP、减氮45%+CP)、1个常规模式和1个不施氮(对照),共计7个处理,研究不同处理对冬小麦叶片SPAD值、光合生理、产量及氮肥利用效率的影响。【结果】在使用氮肥增效剂(CP)条件下,减氮5%~25%时冬小麦的旗叶SPAD值仍有提高,减氮35%~45%时降低了冬小麦旗叶SPAD值;冬小麦旗叶Pn、Tr、Gs,在减氮5%时均有明显提高,减氮15%时略有提高,减氮25%时略有降低,减氮35%~45%时明显降低;冬小麦旗叶Ci与Pn、Tr、Gs基本呈现出相反的变化趋势。减氮模式下,CP提高冬小麦有效穗数、穗粒数,但减轻了千粒重。与常规模式相比,减氮5%~25%时小麦增产幅度在1.60%~5.88%,减氮35%~45%时小麦产量降低了6.22%~19.32%。与常规模式相比,CP提高了氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力。【结论】氮肥减量15%~25%配施氮肥增效剂时冬小麦仍有增产,可实现冬小麦减氮不减产。【Objective】To explore the application effect of nitrogenous fertilizer synergizer in wheat nitrogen fertilizer reduction,so as to provide guidance for combined application of nitrogenous fertilizer synergizer and nitrogenous fertilizer reduction in winter wheat production and application.【Methods】From 2020 to 2021,a total of 7 treatments including 5 N fertilizer reduction combined with application(5%N reduction+CP,15%N reduction+CP,25%N reduction+CP,35%N reduction+CP,45%N reduction+CP),1 farm household model and 1 no N application control were set up under field conditions with nitrogen fertilizer synergant(CP)as experimental material.The effects of different treatments on leaf SPAD value,photosynthetic physiology,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat were studied.【Results】Under the condition of nitrogen fertilizer synergist(CP),the SPAD value of flag leaf of winter wheat still increased when nitrogen was reduced by 5%-25%,and decreased when nitrogen was reduced by 35%-45%.Pn,Tr and Gs of winter wheat flag leaves were significantly increased at 5% nitrogen reduction,slightly increased at 15% nitrogen reduction,slightly decreased at 25% nitrogen reduction,and significantly decreased at 35%-45% nitrogen reduction.Ci of winter wheat flag leaf showed the opposite trend to Pn,Tr and Gs.Under N reduction mode,CP increased the number of effective ears and grains per ear,but reduced the 1000-grain weight of winter wheat.Compared with the farmer model,the wheat yield increased by 1.60%-5.88% when nitrogen was reduced by 5%-25%,and the wheat yield decreased by 6.22%-19.32% when nitrogen was reduced by 35%-45%.Compared with the farm household model,CP improved the agronomic use efficiency and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer on the whole.【Conclusion】The winter wheat could still increase yield when the nitrogen fertilizer was reduced by 15%-25%and the nitrogen fertilizer synergist was applied,and the winter wheat could reduce nitrogen without reducing yield.

关 键 词：氮肥增效剂 冬小麦 氮肥减施 生理特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]