有机无机配施对超晚播冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收利用及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizer on yield,nitrogen,phosphorus uptake and utilization,and soil fertility of the extremely-late winter sown wheat

作　　者：赖宁 耿庆龙 李永福 李娜 信会男 步生兵 陈署晃 LAI Ning;GENG Qinglong;LI Yongfu;LI Na;XIN Huinan;BU Shengbing;CHEN Shuhuang(Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural remote sensing center,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Jimsar County,Jimsar Xinjiang 831799,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/新疆农业科学院农业遥感中心,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]吉木萨尔县农业技术推广站,新疆吉木萨尔831799

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第6期1335-1343,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技创新重点培育专项“超晚冬播小麦节水高产生理机制及调控技术研究”(kjkcpy-003);国家重点研发计划项目“北方小麦化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD0200406);农业农村部耕地质量保护专项资金“耕地质量监测评价”。

摘　　要：【目的】研究化肥减量配施腐殖酸肥对北疆超晚播冬小麦产量、氮磷养分吸收利用及土壤肥力的影响,为新疆超晚播冬小麦化肥减量增效、提升麦田土壤肥力和调整小麦施肥结构提供科学依据和参考。【方法】设7个处理,分别为(1)常规施氮处理,NF;(2)优化施氮处理,OPT(80%常规施氮);(3)无氮处理,N_(0);(4)无磷处理,P 0;(5)有机无机配施处理1,NM_(1)(OPT配施腐殖酸肥1.80 kg/hm^(2));(6)有机无机配施处理2,NM_(2)(OPT配施腐殖酸肥3.60 kg/hm^(2));(7)有机无机配施处理3,NM_(3)(OPT配施腐殖酸肥5.40 kg/hm^(2))。【结果】与常规施氮相比,80%常规施氮配施不同剂量腐殖酸肥超晚播冬小麦穗数提高了16.42%~24.16%,穗粒数提高了4.35%~12.42%,产量提高了13.93%~32.48%,地上部植株氮素积累量提高了2.08%~9.83%,磷素积累量提高了16.08%~30.62%,RE N 34.92%~71.68%,AE_(N)提高了164.49%~350.28%,PFP_(N)提高了42.41%~65.61%,RE_(P)提高了87.23%~166.09%,AE_(P)提高了166.67%~388.30%,PFP_(P)提高了13.92%~32.49%。0~20 cm土壤全氮含量提高7.59%~46.84%,有机质含量提高了31.79%~50.76%,有效磷含量提高63.31%~78.92%,速效钾含量提高12.63%~17.20%。【结论】选择氮肥减量20%配施腐殖酸肥5.40 kg/hm^(2)对提高新疆北疆超晚播冬小麦产量、氮磷吸收利用和土壤肥力的效果最佳。【Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with humic acid organic fertilizer on yield,nitrogen,phosphorus uptake and utilization,and soil fertility of the extremely-late winter sown wheat in Northern Xinjiang in the hope of providing scientific basis and reference for fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase,soil fertility improvement and adjustment of wheat fertilizer structure in Xinjiang.【Methods】Seven treatments were designed,including(1)conventional N fertilization,NF;(2)optimized fertilization(80%conventional N fertilization),OPT;(3)no N fertilizer,N_(0);(4)no P fertilizer,P_(0);(5)OPT application combined with humic acid fertilizer 1.80 kg/hm^(2),NM_(1);(6)OPT application combined with humic acid fertilizer 3.60 kg/hm^(2),NM_(2);(7)OPT application combined with humic acid fertilizer 5.40 kg/hm^(2),NM_(3).【Results】Compared with NF,application of 80% conventional N fertilization combined with different doses of humic acid fertilizer in extremely-late winter sown wheat,the spike number increased by 16.42%-24.16%,grain number increased by 4.35%-12.42%,the yield increased by 13.93%-32.48%,the total nitrogen uptake increased by 2.08%-9.83%,the total nitrogen uptake increased by 16.08%-30.62%,RE_(N) increased by 34.92%-71.68%,AE_(N) increased by 164.49%-350.28%,PFP_(N) increased by 42.41%-65.61%,RE_(P) increased by 87.23%-166.09%.AE P increased by 166.67%-388.30%,PFP_(P) increased by 13.92%-32.49%.and in 0-20 cm soil,the total nitrogen content increased by 7.59%-46.84%,the organic matter content increased by 31.79%-50.76%,the available phosphorus content increased by 63.31%-78.92%,the available potassium content increased by 12.63%-17.20%.【Conclusion】80% conventional N fertilization application combined with humic acid fertilizer 5.40 kg/hm^(2) has best effect on improving the yield nitrogen,phosphorus uptake and utilization and soil fertility of extremely-late winter sown wheat in northern Xinjiang.

关 键 词：超晚冬播小麦 有机无机配施 产量 氮磷养分吸收利用 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S14