新疆阿拉尔垦区不同播期对棉花生长的影响  

Effects of different sowing dates on cotton growth in aral reclamation area,Xinjiang

作　　者：王文涛 吴博 邰红忠 练文明 戴翠荣 李双江 蒲艳梅 WANG Wentao;WU Bo;TAI Hongzhong;LIAN Wenming;DAI Cuirong;LI Shuangjiang;PU Yanmei(Institution of Agricultural Science and Technology,Agricultural Production Division 1,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China;Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第一师农业科学研究所,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]塔里木大学,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第6期1413-1422,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-52);新疆生产建设兵团第一师科技项目“优质、高产、抗病早中熟机采棉新品种培育及示范应用”(2020NY01)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同播期对棉花生长影响,分析阿拉尔垦区适期早播与晚播对棉花生长造成的差异,为垦区棉花品种选择、促早栽培提供数据支持和理论依据。【方法】选用陆地棉品种J206-5,选择4月14日、4月17日、4月20日、4月23日、4月26日5个播种时间,研究播期对棉花出苗、棉苗生长、生育期、农艺性状、产量性状、干物质量及纤维品质的影响。【结果】随播期推迟,棉花出苗率增加,出苗时间缩短,苗期株高、主根长、节位、茎粗、各器官干物质量减少,生育进程减缓,生育期延长,产量降低,生殖器官进入快速积累期的时间提前,快速积累期缩短,马克隆值和成熟度下降。【结论】在阿拉尔垦区,适宜播期为4月上中旬,不宜超过4月20日;3 d膜下5 cm日平均地温≥12℃可作为棉花播种的适宜温度指标,在此条件下早播的棉花生长优势明显,易于形成产量,提高棉花纤维品质,宜采用中熟品种,晚播宜采用熟性较早的品种。【Objective】To clarify the differences between appropriately early-sowed and late sowing on cotton growth in Aral Reclamation area through the study of the effects of diffeent sowing dates on cotton growth in the hope of providing data support and theoretical basis for cotton variety selection and promoting early cultivation in Aral Reclamation Area.【Methods】In this project,J206-5 was taken as the material,five sowing dates were selected:April 14,April 17,April 20,April 23 and April 26,to study the effects of sowing date on emergence rate,seedling growth,growth duration,agronomic traits,yield characters,dry matter quality and fiber characteristics of cotton.【Results】With the delay of sowing date,the emergence rate of cotton was increased and the emergence time shortened,and the plant height,taproot length,node,stem diameter and dry matter quality of various organs were decreased,the growth process was slowed,the growth period was prolonged,the yield was decreased,the time of the reproductive organs to enter the rapid accumulation period was advanced,the rapid accumulation period was shortened,and the Micronaire value and maturity were decreased.【Conclusion】In Aral Reclamation Area,the suitable sowing date is in early and middle of April,earlier than April 20.The daily average ground temperature of 5 cm under film for 3 days≥12℃can be used as the appropriate temperature index for cotton sowing.Under these conditions,the early sowing cotton has obvious growth advantages,which is beneficial to formation of yield and improvement of fiber quality.Medium mature varieties should be selected for early sowing and early maturity varieties should be used for late sowing.

关 键 词：棉花 播期 温度 出苗率 棉苗生长 产量 纤维品质 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]