刈割对黄土区典型草原物种构成和生物量的影响  

Effects of Mowing on Succession Process of Typical Grassland

作　　者：程杰 张瑞 杨培志[2] 张渊 赵彬汀 刘育书 李维军 Cheng Jie;Zhang Rui;Yang Peizhi;Zhang Yuan;Zhao Binting;Liu Yushu;Li Weijun(Northwest Surveying,Planning and Designing Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Key Laboratory National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions,Xi’an 710048,China;College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Yunwu Mountain Nature Reserve of Ningxia,Guyuan 756000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局西北调查规划设计院/旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室,陕西西安710048 [2]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]宁夏云雾山自然保护区管理局,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《草学》2023年第3期27-34,共8页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：国家林业和草原局科技司自主研发项目;国家林业和草原局西北院科技创新项目;国家牧草产业技术体系-榆林综合试验站(CARS-34)、农业部现代农业产业技术体系共同资助。

摘　　要：在黄土区典型草原退化草地封禁的基础上,通过近40年不同刈割强度试验,结果表明,二年1次刈割可使草地保持较高的物种密度和生物量。在刈割初期(1982~1987年),物种密度呈波浪式增长;在刈割中后期(1988~2020年)不同刈割强度物种密度差异显著,34年平均物种密度,二年刈割1次区>长期封禁草地(对照)>一年刈割1次区>一年刈割2次区。三种刈割草地群落的演替过程分为五个阶段,在演替的第Ⅳ阶段,本氏针茅种群生长达到了亚顶极;在演替的第Ⅴ阶段中期,建群种本氏针茅发生了突变,而大针茅种群个体数量巨增,有替代本氏针茅演替为草原群落建群种的趋势;到演替的第Ⅴ阶段后期,本氏针茅种群又占据优势,并达到了草原群落演替的顶级。On the basis of typical grassland degradation and grassland closure in loess area,the experiment of different mowing intensity in recent 40 years was carried out.The results showed that once mowing in two years could maintain high species density and biomass of grassland.In the early period(1982~1987),the species density increased in a wave-like manner;in the middle and late mowing period(1988~2020),the species density of different mowing intensities differed significantly.The average species density was 34 years,and the species was mowed once in two years.Area>Long-term closed grassland(control)>Mowing area once a year>Mowing area twice a year.Three kinds of mowing grassland community succession process is divided into five stages,in the fourth stage of succession,the growth of Stipa benjaponica population reached the sub-top pole,in the middle of the fifth stage of succession,the constructive species of Stipa benjaponica occurred mutation,and the individual number of Stipa grandis population increased greatly,there is a trend to replace Stipa benjaponica to grassland community constructive species,to the late stage of succession,Stipa benjaponica population occupies the advantage,and the growth is stable,and reached the top level of grassland community succession.

关 键 词：典型草原 刈割 群落演替 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]