传承与超越:人民调解在乡村治理中的作用与未来发展  

Inheritance and Transcendence:The Role and Future Development of People’s Mediation in Rural Governance

作　　者：马树同 MA Shutong(School of Politics and History,Ningxia Normal University,Guyuan 756000,Ningxia)

机构地区：[1]宁夏师范学院政治与历史学院,宁夏固原756000

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期87-96,共10页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University (SOCIAL SCIENCES)

基　　金：2022年宁夏高等学校科研项目:“后脱贫时代宁夏南部山区乡村治理研究”(编号:NYG2022080)。

摘　　要：人民调解作为一种乡村社会治理机制,在乡村社会共建共治共享格局形成中具有重要作用。随着乡村社会转型,宁夏南部山区赵村进入“现代熟人社会”形态,在这一社会形态中,人民调解在乡村治理中具有多重功能。人民调解不仅是村民纠纷化解的主要机制,也是文明乡风养成的有效路径,还是村民参与乡村治理的制度化渠道。但人民调解也面临着现实困境:人民调解性质和功能异化明显,人民调解员所拥有的社会资本不足,村民参与人民调解的广度和深度不够。人民调解在乡村治理中的未来发展,需要积极推进人民调解本质的定位回归,探索人民调解员专职化的实现路径,多举措培育村民乡村治理的主体性,为人民调解在乡村治理中作用的有效发挥提供保障。同时,对于赵村这类刚刚脱贫的村庄,大力发展乡村经济也是重中之重,乡村经济有发展,才能为人民调解在乡村治理中的效能提升提供稳定的财力支持。As a rural social governance mechanism,people′s mediation plays an important role in the formation of rural social co-construction,co-governance and sharing pattern.With the transformation of rural society,Zhao village in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia has been in the form of“Modern Acquaintance Society”,in which people′s mediation has multiple functions in rural governance.People’s mediation is not only the main mechanism for resolving villagers′disputes,but also an effective way to cultivate civilized rural atmosphere and an institutionalized channel for villagers to participate in rural governance.However,it is also confronted with realistic difficulties which lie in apparent alienation of its nature and function,insufficient social capital of the people′s mediators,and inadequate breadth and depth of villagers′participation.The future development of people′s mediation in rural governance needs to actively promote its position back to essence,explore the path to achieve the specialization of people′s mediators,and take multiple measures to cultivate the subjectivity of villagers in rural governance,so as to provide guarantee for the effective role of people′s mediation in rural governance.Meanwhile,developing the rural economy is also a top priority for villages like Zhao that have just been lifted out of poverty.Only with the development of rural economy can we provide stable financial support for the improvement of people′s mediation in rural governance.

关 键 词：乡村治理 人民调解 乡风文明 人民调解员专职化 公共精神 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学]