中国男护士事业发展的历史研究  

A Historical Study on the Career Development of Male Nurses in China

作　　者：梁爽[1] 吴欣娟[1] 李尊柱[1] 王巍[1] LIANG Shuang;WU Xinjuan;LI Zunzhu(Peking Union Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing,100730,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院,北京100730

出　　处：《中国卫生质量管理》2023年第6期I0007-I0007,1-4,共5页Chinese Health Quality Management

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(编号:2022YFC2504505)。

摘　　要：目的梳理中国男护士事业发展脉络,探寻男护士事业发展内在规律,从而把握其发展方向。方法采用历史研究法,通过阅读、整理一手资料和二手资料收集信息。结果在西医传入之前,我国传统医学护理主要局限在自我护理和家庭护理,尚未走向社会。19世纪中叶,西方列强借助签订的一系列不平等条约,陆续建立了数家教会医院,培训了中国最早的男护士。受中国传统封建文化的束缚以及护理工作性质的限制,20世纪20年代以前的护士主要是男性。在新社会文化思潮、护理教育转型、医院护理需求等影响下,越来越多的女性进入护理行业,男护士生存空间受到挤压,发展陷入停滞状态。随着护理高等教育的快速发展,男护士再次迎来了快速发展契机,数量明显增加。结论社会文化因素、个人因素(经济因素)和护理专业发展因素共同决定着男护士事业发展的兴衰。护理决策者需不断扭转社会公众对男护士的印象,创建“无性别差异”的护理文化氛围,提高男护士薪酬水平,拓展护理专业的深度和广度。Objective To sort out the career development of male nurses in China,and explore the internal law of male nurses'career development,so as to grasp their development direction.Methods Historical research method.Information was collected by reading and collating primary and secondary sources.Results Before the introduction of Western medicine,Chinese traditional medical nursing was mainly limited to self-care and family nursing,and had not been introduced into the society.In the mid-19th century,the Western powers,with the help of a series of unequal treaties,established several missionary hospitals and trained the earliest male nurses in China.Restricted by China's traditional feudal culture and the nature of nursing work,nurses before the 1920s were mainly male.Under the influence of the new social and cultural trend of thought,the transformation of nursing education,hospital nursing demand and so on,more and more women entered the nursing industry,the living space of male nurses was squeezed,and the development was stagnated.With the rapid development of nursing higher education,the rapid development of male nurses again ushered in an opportunity,the number of male nurses increased significantly.Conclusion Social and cultural factors,personal factors(economic factors)and nursing professional development factors jointly determine the rise and fall of male nurses career.Nursing decision makers need to continuously reverse the public's stereotype of male nurses,create a"gender-neutral"nursing culture,improve the salary of male nurses,and deepen the depth and breadth of the nursing profession.

关 键 词：中国 男护士 历史研究 护理历史 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]