超越经验性描述——以凸空间分布特征解析城市建设艺术中的尺度法则  

Beyond Empiricist Description:Using Distributed Attributes of Convex Spaces to Interpret the Scaling Laws for the Art of Building Cities

作　　者：章屹 郭佳寅 Zhang Yi;Guo Jiayin

机构地区：[1]浙江大学艺术与考古学院 [2]伦敦大学学院巴特莱特规划学院

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2023年第3期1-13,共13页Urban Planning International

摘　　要：长期以来,许多学者对城市建成环境的尺度及其美学规律进行了经验式的总结,但这些描述仍缺乏分析性的解读。为了揭示符合建设艺术原则的城市开放空间的尺度法则,本文探索性地采用了凸空间及其系统作为统计和分析对象,解析了它们在尺度上的分布特征。研究表明,作为人类活动和感知经验的映射,凸空间是城市二维平面数据与时空体验之间的重要衔接。据此,研究统计、分析与对照三个“自下而上”发展而来的优秀历史城市典范与三个“自上而下”的近现代城市规划的凸空间系统数据,揭示出前三者的凸空间尺度遵循幂律分布且呈现连续、多样的变化特征,而后三者在尺度上存在失序现象,并从系统的角度探讨了这些特征的成因。同时,本文对比现有的相关理论和方法,指出凸空间系统的检测作为一种新的途径能够更有效地理解城市空间布局中的艺术规律,并为我国城市更新实践带来新的见解。In the academic community,there have long been a number of experiential summaries about the scale-related aesthetic rules of urban built environment.However,what the summaries lack is an analytical strategy for further interpretation.This explorative research therefore develops a method that adopts convex spaces as the analytical objects to interpret their particular pattern of scaling laws in those urban open spaces developed with the aesthetic rules.First,the research highlights the importance of the convex spaces and systems as a spatial reflection of people’s activity and perception,and a critical link between graphic details and synchronic experience in the urban built environment.Based on this,the investigation examines,analyses and compares the convex space systems derived respectively from two groups of cases.The first group includes three cases of traditional cities acknowledged as good historical examples evolved with a bottom-up order.The second group involves three modern cases shaped by top-down planning.The discrepancy in the scale variation of the convex space systems between the two groups of cases are identified.The result shows that the sizes of the convex spaces are coherently diverse and their distribution is well-defined by exponential laws in the former three cities while they become disjointed in the latter ones.It also illustrates the factors of these spatial features from a systematic perspective.Meanwhile,compared with the existing theories and methods,the examination of convex space systems is argued to be a new effective approach to understand the aesthetic rules of urban forms,and may bring us new insights for urban regeneration practice.

关 键 词：凸空间 凸空间系统 城市建设艺术 尺度 开放空间 

分 类 号：TU984.1[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]