美国容积率银行调控城市更新的运作模式研究——以纽约和西雅图为例  

The Operation Mode of Urban Renewal Controlled by FAR Bank in the United States:Case Studies of New York City and Seattle

作　　者：翁超 庄宇[2,3] Weng Chao;Zhuang Yu

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院建筑系 [3]同济大学

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2023年第3期22-30,共9页Urban Planning International

基　　金：中国博士后基金面上项目(2022M722404)。

摘　　要：容积率银行作为发展权转移制度的辅助技术,可在城市更新的过程中调节市场时间差,储存未利用的容积率,为发展权交易提供信息平台,大大提高了发展权转移项目的成功率,促进了城市更新项目的顺利实施。对于美国容积率银行的研究可为我国城市更新过程中结合市场机制的调控技术探索提供参考。本文解析了容积率银行的定义以及内涵、职能和权利、发展历程等,并通过纽约和西雅图的容积率银行应用案例的比较分析,梳理出容积率银行针对不同尺度城市更新项目的运作模式及其成效。纽约以南街海港特别区为代表,在城市设计的尺度上应用容积率银行;西雅图则以整个城市为单位进行调控。两个案例中的容积率银行均有效平衡了地方政府、开发商和公众的利益,最终保护了历史资产,促进了城市基础设施建设,并通过引入新的激励手段推进了城市更新进程。FAR banks were originally created to counter some of the difficulties posed by the use of Transfer of Development Rights(TDR)technique.In the urban renewal process,FAR banks fill the timing gap of the market,act as a clearing house and information platform,and help a lot with TDR transactions.Study on the operation mode of FAR bank in United States provides references for China in exploring the incentive zoning method in urban renewal programs.Through the study of definition,function and development history of FAR bank,by using comparative analysis of FAR bank in both New York City and Seattle,this paper tries to sort out the operation mode and application result of FAR bank in different urban scales.While Seattle FAR bank deals with urban renewal program on the city-scale,FAR bank in New York City tries to tackle the issue in the district context,especially in Special South Street Seaport District.Both of them make a great contribution to the historic assets preservation and public facility construction,at the same time,they promotee urban renewal process by introducing new stimulating interests to the city.

关 键 词：容积率银行 城市更新 运作模式 比较分析 城市设计 公共政策 发展权转移 高密度城市发展 

分 类 号：TU984.7[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]