有机微量矿物质替代日粮中无机微量矿物质对泌乳中后期奶牛血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数、表观消化率和生产性能的影响  

Effects of Replacing Inorganic Trace Minerals with Organic Trace Minerals on Serum

作　　者：马兴军 查满千 金志华 张睿 刁其玉[2] 屠焰[2] 成述儒[1] MA Xingjun;ZHA Manqian;JIN Zhihua;ZHANG Rui;DIAO Qiyu;TU Yan;CHENG Shuru(School of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu Lanzhou 730070,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Nutrition,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Ningxia Jinyu Haoxing Dairy Research Institute(Limited Company),Ningxia Wuzhong 751100,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室,北京100081 [3]宁夏金宇浩兴奶业研究院(有限公司),宁夏吴忠751100

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第13期77-87,共11页Feed Industry

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划[2021BEF02022];中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项[1610382021004]。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究饲粮中添加有机微量矿物质对泌乳牛生产性能、血清免疫、抗氧化性能、营养物质表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数的影响,试验采用完全随机区组设计,选取体况相近的60头泌乳中后期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,每组20头。分别为:①无机微量矿物质源日粮组(ITM),基础日粮+100%无机硫酸铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)(分别为日粮提供5.07 mg/kg Cu、6.94 mg/kg Mn和33.75 mg/kg Zn);②有机微量矿物质盐源日粮Ⅰ组(OTM1),基础日粮+50%无机硫酸Cu、Mn、Zn(分别为日粮提供2.54 mg/kg Cu、3.47 mg/kg Mn和16.88 mg/kg Zn)+50%羟基蛋氨酸螯合态Cu、Mn、Zn(分别为日粮提供2.54 mg/kg Cu、3.47 mg/kg Mn和16.88 mg/kg Zn);③有机微量矿物质盐源日粮Ⅱ组(OTM2),基础日粮+50%无机硫酸Cu、Mn、Zn(分别为日粮提供2.54 mg/kg Cu、3.47 mg/kg Mn和16.88 mg/kg Zn)+50%水解蛋白态Cu、Mn、Zn(分别为日粮提供2.54 mg/kg Cu、3.47 mg/kg Mn和16.88 mg/kg Zn)。试验进行3个月。采集奶牛饲料、奶样、血液、瘤胃液和粪便等样本,分析并计算常规营养成分表观消化率、血清抗氧化和免疫等相关指标,对比有机与无机形式Cu、Mn、Zn对泌乳牛生产性能的影响。结果表明:各组间的产奶量、采食量无显著差异(P>0.05);OTM1、OTM2组的乳体细胞数显著低于ITM组(P<0.05);有机微量矿物质替代无机微量矿物质对瘤胃发酵性能无显著影响(P>0.05);OTM1组和OTM2组在30 d的血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平显著高于ITM组(P<0.05),OTM2组在60 d的免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平显著高于OTM1组和ITM组(P<0.05),且OTM1组显著高于ITM组(P<0.05),ITM组在90 d和0~90 d的IgM水平显著低于OTM1组和OTM2组(P<0.05)。从经济效益方面来看,OTM1组的经济效益最佳,分别比OTM2组和ITM组高1.72元/(d·头)和1.43元/(d·头)。说明有机微量矿物质替代无机微量矿物质能显著降低奶牛乳体细胞数,提高机体血清抗氧化能力和免疫能力,从而改善泌乳牛机�The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of adding organic trace minerals in the diet on the production performance,serum immunity,antioxidant performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation parameters of lactating cows.In this experiment,60 Holstein cows with similar body conditions were randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 cows in each group.They were①in⁃organic trace mineral source diet group(ITM),basic diet+100%inorganic sulfate Cu,Mn,Zn(5.07 mg/kg Cu,6.94 mg/kg Mn and 33.75 mg/kg Zn respectively for the diet);②organic trace mineral salt source diet groupⅠ(OTM1),basic diet+50%inorganic sulfate Cu,Mn,Zn(2.54 mg/kg Cu,3.47 mg/kg Mn and 16.88 mg/kg Zn respectively for the diet)+50%hydroxymethionine chelated Cu,Mn,Zn(2.54 mg/kg Cu,3.47 mg/kg Mn and 16.88 mg/kg Zn respectively for the diet);③organic trace mineral salt source diet groupⅡ(OTM2),basic diet+50%inorganic sulfate Cu,Mn,Zn(2.54 mg/kg Cu,3.47 mg/kg Mn and 16.88 mg/kg Zn respectively for the diet)+50%hydrolyzed protein Cu,Mn,Zn(2.54 mg/kg Cu,3.47 mg/kg Mn and 16.88 mg/kg Zn respectively for the diet).The test was conducted for 3 months.Cow feed,milk sample,blood,rumen fluid and feces were collected,and the relevant indicators such as routine nutrient composition,apparent digestibility,serum antioxidant and immunity,and compare the effects of organic and inorganic forms of Cu,Mn,Zn on the production performance of lactating cows were analyzed and calculated.The results of this experiment showed that there was no significant difference in milk yield and feed intake among the treatment groups(P>0.05);The number of milk somatic cells in OTM1 and OTM2 was significantly lower than that in ITM(P<0.05);The substitution of organic trace minerals for in⁃organic trace minerals had no significant effect on rumen fermentation performance of each treatment group(P>0.05);The serum IgG level of OTM1 and OTM2 at 30 days was significantly higher than that of ITM(P<0.05),the IgM level of OTM2 at 60 days was significantly

关 键 词：羟基蛋氨酸盐 水解蛋白盐 硫酸盐 微量矿物质 泌乳牛 

分 类 号：S816.71[农业科学—饲料科学]