世界优秀青年田径运动员相对年龄效应研究——基于近三届青奥会数据的证据  

Relative Age Effect of the World's Elite Young Athletes in Track and Field:Based on Data from the Last Three Youth Olympic Games

作　　者：徐有粮 张孜贤 王靖辉 王政涵 陈玉军[1] 王相英[1] XU Youliang;ZHANG Zixian;WANG Jinghui;WANG Zhenghan;CHEN Yujun;WANG Xiangying(School of P.E.,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,Shandong,China;School of Physical Training,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学体育学院,山东济南250358 [2]北京体育大学体能训练学院,北京100091

出　　处：《山东体育科技》2023年第3期29-34,共6页Shandong Sports Science & Technology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(编号:20BTY087);山东省家庭教育研究课题(编号:2021JT036)。

摘　　要：相对年龄理论(Relative Age Theory,RAT)是研究以“选择日”为运动特征的竞赛情景中,相对年龄对青少年运动员成绩影响的本质、发生、发展和变化规律的理论。青奥会是面向年满14岁至18岁青少年开展的综合性运动会,本研究基于国外学者对相对年龄在体育运动中的研究,对近三届参加青奥会的世界优秀青年田径运动员相对年龄效应进行观测,进而探讨其产生的原因及可行的调控措施。研究发现,在不同性别、年龄、项目、洲际和举办届次中,田径项目的相对年龄优势经卡方检验差异均显著,且出生日明显偏向于选择日,但各大洲运动员的相对年龄显著性存在差异。Relative Age Theory is a theory that investigates the nature,occurrence,development and changes of the relative age effect on the performance of young athletes in a competition scenario characterized by"selection day".Based on the research of foreign scholars on relative age in sports,this study observes the relative age effect of the world's elite young athletes who participated in the last three Youth Olympic Games,and then discusses the causes and possible control measures.It was found that the relative age advantage in track and field was significant by chi-square test in different sexes,ages,sports,continents and sessions,and the date of birth was significantly biased in favor of the selection date,but the relative age significance of athletes in each continent was different.

关 键 词：田径 青年运动员 相对年龄效应 相对年龄优势 青奥会 

分 类 号：G804[文化科学—运动人体科学]