不同负荷干预青少年脊柱稳定性的生物力学研究  

Biomechanical Study of Different Load Interventions on Spinal Stability in Adolescents

作　　者：蔡国梁[1,2] 黄靓 蔡国锋[3] 庄哲[3] 李嘉[2] 阚洪旭[2] 李雪艳[2] 康建鑫[2] 郑金慧[2] 张海燕 关富余[2] 赵晨琼[2] 王春晓[2] 任杰[2] 马兴武 钟燕清 张颖[2] CAI Guoliang;HUANG Liang;CAI Guofeng(Harbin Sport University,Harbin Heilongjiang,150001,China;Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin Helongjiang,150040,China;Information Data Center Fuzhou Branch,China Electronic Port,Fuzhou Fujian,350000,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨体育学院滑雪教学训练基地博士后科研工作站,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨体育学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [4]北京中学二分校,北京100018 [5]中国电子口岸数据中心,福州分中心,福建福州350000

出　　处：《四川体育科学》2023年第4期18-22,32,共6页Sichuan Sports Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金西部项目(20XTY001);黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2020H008)。

摘　　要：目的:本文主要对青少年的脊柱稳定性进行生物力学研究,探索不同负荷对青少年脊柱稳定性影响的生物力学机制。推测脊柱的最佳负荷大小和最佳负荷位置。方法:观察不同负荷下,青少年脊柱周围肌电信号的变化规律、青少年足底压力的变化特点。结果:在不同负荷下,腹直肌、最长肌与髂肋肌的肌电数据变化趋势大致一样,且都是时域指标增大,频域指标减小;在10%体重(BW,body weight)负荷下,各肌电指标变化幅度较小,且在L3位置时最小;而足底压力中心位移变化随着负荷的增加无明显变化。结论:(1)在各种负荷作用下,腹直肌、髂肋肌和最长肌的肌电波信号发生了显著的改变,说明在静止负荷时,腹直肌、髂肋肌和最长肌更多地被动员起来,以保持脊椎的稳定;(2)当载荷增加时,在不同的载荷下,足底压力中心的位移基本没有明显的改变,说明我们在静止状态下保持着人体姿态和脊椎的稳定,靠着上身的肌群来保持;(3)当背包负荷为10%BW,背包位置为L3时,脊柱是最稳定的。To study the biomechanics of adolescent spinal stability and explore the biomechanical mechanism of different loads on adolescent spinal stability.Infer the optimal load size and optimal load position of the spine.Methods:To observe the changes of electromyography(EMG)signals around the spine,plantar pressure and trunk anteversion in adolescents under different loads.Results:The EMG of rectus abdominis,longissimus muscle and iliocostal muscle showed the same trend under different loads,but the time domain index increased and the time frequency index decreased.Conclusions:(1)Significant changes in the electromyographic signals of the rectus abdominis,iliocostalis and longissimus muscles under various loads indicate that the rectus abdominis,iliocostalis and longissimus muscles are more mobilized at rest to maintain spinal stability.(2)As the load increases,the trunk lean forward together with the muscles under different loads to maintain posture and maintain spinal stability.Under various loads,there is no significant change in the displacement of the plantar pressure center,indicating that we maintain posture and spinal stability at rest,with the upper body lean forward and the upper body lean forward.(3)The spine is most stable when the backpack load is 10%BW and the backpack position is L3.

关 键 词：负荷 脊柱稳定性 表面肌电 足底压力 生物力学 

分 类 号：G804.61[文化科学—运动人体科学]