训练冲量和运动训练监控仪在女子手球运动员负荷监控中的应用  

The Application of Training Impulse and Sports Training Monitorin the Load Monitoring of Female Handball Players

作　　者：宋永旺 张建佩 潘红英[2] 陈建敏 贾章志 SONG Yongwang;ZHANG Jianpei;PAN Hongying(Guangdong Huangcun Sports Training Center,Guangzhou Guangdong,510663,China;South China Normal University,Guangzhou Guangdong,510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省黄村体育训练中心,广东广州510663 [2]华南师范大学,广东广州510006

出　　处：《四川体育科学》2023年第4期69-74,共6页Sichuan Sports Science

基　　金：广东省体育局体育科研项目(GDSS2018N024)。

摘　　要：目的:应用训练冲量(TRIMP)和运动训练监控仪对手球运动员的训练负荷进行监控研究,旨在为赛后评价不同位置运动员的运动负荷和机能状态提供合理有效的方法。研究方法:广东省女子手球运动员7名(22.6±1.4岁),健将级别,在全运会备赛期间的教学赛和冲刺阶段的一次对抗赛中和赛后,对不同位置运动员进行跟踪测试,测试指标包括心率、乳酸、熵值、中枢疲劳、应激水平等。研究结果:(1)在教学赛中,指标变化的平均值为:心率169.4±8.16次/min,上场时间44.3±6.0min,TRIMP114.8±18.9,赛后乳酸4.43±1.53mmol/L;(2)对抗赛中运动员平均上场时间47.26±5.41min,TRIMP123.75±9.30,均高于教学赛平均值,个体TRIMP值最高的是右边锋,最低的是左边锋;(3)对抗赛中,A为正常状态,C为中度疲劳,其余均为轻度中枢疲劳,E的应激水平偏低,其余应激水平偏高;运动员熵值水平略低于教学赛平均值;(4)对抗赛中TRIMP值低的运动员,熵值稳定,应激水平(焦虑指数)、脑中枢疲劳状态处于正常范围;TRIMP值高的运动员,熵值会略高于教学赛平均水平,应激水平和脑中枢疲劳参数亦高于正常状态值。结论:(1)在不同训练阶段的教学赛和对抗赛中,通过对比分析不同位置手球运动员的TRIMP值和赛后运动员的中枢疲劳、应激水平、信息熵等指标的变化,可以判断运动员个体的运动负荷和赛后的疲劳程度。(2)TRIMP和高级运动训练仪都可以判断运动员训练负荷及疲劳程度,在比赛过程中联合使用,对于系统了解运动员个体的即时的身体机能状态,有效地减少过度疲劳的发生,将起到积极作用。The purpose of this study is to provide a reasonable and effective method for evaluating the exercise load and functional state of handball players in different positions after the game,by applying training impulse(TRIMP)and sports training monitoring instrument.Research methods:7 women handball players from Guangdong Province(22.6+1.4 years old),master level.Track and test athletes at different position in the teaching and competition.The test included heart rate,lactic acid,entropy,central fatigue,and stress levels.Research result:(1)In the teaching competition,the average value of the index change is:heart rate 169.4±8.16 beats/min,playing time 44.3±6.0min,TRIMP114.8±18.9,post-race lactic acid 4.43±1.53mmol/L.(2)The average number of athletes in the competition,playing time 47.26±5.41min,TRIMP123.75±9.30.(3)In the competition,A is normal,C is moderate fatigue,and the rest are mild central fatigue.The stress level of E is low and the rest are high;the entropy level of athletes is slightly lower than the average of the teaching competition.(4)For athletes with low TRIMP value in the competition,entropy value is stable,stress level(anxiety index)and brain center fatigue state are in normal range;the entropy value of athletes with high TRIMP value was slightly higher than the average level of teaching competition,and the stress level and brain center fatigue parameters were also higher than the normal state value.Conclusion:(1)The individual exercise load and fatigue degree of players can be judged by comparing and analyzing the changes of TRIMP values and central fatigue,stress level,information entropy of handball players at different positions in the different training stages of teaching and competition.(2)Both TRIMP and sports training monitoring instrument can judge the training load and fatigue degree of athletes.If they are used together in competition,they will play a positive role in systematically understanding the immediate physical function status of individual athletes and effectively reducing t

关 键 词：训练冲量 运动训练监控仪 训练负荷 女子手球运动员 负荷监控 

分 类 号：G808.16[文化科学—体育训练]