地震灾害体不同基质类型坡面植被恢复动态特征  

The Vegetation Recovery Dynamics of Divergent Types of Slope in Earthquake Damage

作　　者：张群艳 黄金燕 周世强 刘巅 郭桢杉 李登飞 向姣 黄尤优[1] 张晋东[1] ZHANG Qunyan;HUANG Jinyan;ZHOU Shiqiang;LIU Dian;GUO Zhenshan;LI Dengfei;XIANG Jiao;HUANG Youyou;ZHANG Jindong(Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation Ministry of Education,China West Normal University,Nanchong Sichuan 637009,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The Giant Panda National Park,Dujiangyan Sichuan 611844,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学,西南野生动植物资源保护教育部国家重点实验室,四川南充637009 [2]大熊猫国家公园珍稀动物保护生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室(中国大熊猫保护研究中心),四川都江堰611844

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2023年第3期85-94,共10页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：中国大熊猫保护研究中心开放基金(KLSFGAGP2020.019);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071279、32270551、U21A20193、41901224);西华师范大学青年教师科研资助项目(19D045)。

摘　　要：为了解地震灾害体不同类型坡面植被恢复进程与机制,于2010—2019年,调查汶川地震后大熊猫国家公园卧龙片区地震灾害体不同类型坡面(土壤基质坡面、土壤—岩石混合基质坡面、岩石基质坡面、残留植被斑块基质坡面)上恢复植物群落的结构及物种多样性时空动态。结果显示:(1)从恢复植被的物种数来看,经过十余年的恢复,土壤—岩石混合基质坡面植物种数最多,岩石基质坡面与残留植被斑块基质坡面次之,土壤基质坡面最少。(2)土壤基质坡面、土壤—岩石混合基质坡面和岩石基质坡面恢复灌木物种数占比最高,而残留植被斑块基质坡面中草本植物种数占比最高。(3)从植被演替动态来看,土壤基质坡面、土壤—岩石混合基质坡面、岩石基质坡面、残留植被斑块基质坡面的优势物种,在2010年分别为灌木、灌木和乔木、灌木、草本和灌木;在2013年分别为草本和乔木、灌木和乔木、灌木和乔木、草本和灌木;在2016年分别为草本和灌木、灌木和乔木、草本和灌木、灌木和乔木;在2019年分别为草本—灌木—乔木、灌木、草本和灌木、乔木和灌木。(4)2010—2016年研究区不同类型坡面植物群落高度存在显著性差异,2019年无显著性差异。(5)2010—2019年不同类型坡面地震灾害体各植物多样性指数在总体上均呈现上升趋势,Shannon-Wiener指数上升约0.5倍。In order to understand the vegetation recovery status and mechanism of earthquake damages across different slope types(i.e.,soil substrate slope,soil-rock mixed substrate slope,rock substrate slope,residual vegetation patch substrate slope),the recovery process of vegetation communities on earthquake damages across four types of slope in Wolong area of the Giant Panda National Park from 2010 to 2019 were investigated.The results showed that:(1)From the perspective of the number of species restored by vegetation,after more than 10 years of restoration,the soil-rock mixed substrate slope had the largest number of plant species,followed by the rock-rock substrate slope and the residual vegetation patch substrate slope,and the soil substrate slope was the least.(2)The proportion of restored shrub species was the highest in soil substrate slope,soil-rock mixed substrate slope and rock substrate slope,while the proportion of herbaceous plant species in the residual vegetation patch substrate slope was the highest.(3)From the perspective of vegetation succession dynamics,the dominant species of soil substrate slope,soil-rock mixed substrate slope,rock substrate slope and residual vegetation patch substrate slope were shrubs,shrubs and trees,shrubs,herbs and shrubs in 2010;In 2013,herbaceous and arbor,shrub and arbor,shrub and arbor,herbaceous and shrub;In 2016,herbaceous and shrubs,shrubs and trees,herbaceous and shrubs,shrubs and trees,respectively;In 2019,they were herbaceous-shrubs-arbors,shrubs,herbaceous and shrubs,trees and shrubs.(4)There were significant differences in the height of different types of sloped plant communities in the study area from 2010 to 2016,but there was no significant difference in 2019.(5)From 2010 to 2019,the plant diversity index of different types of slope seismic hazards showed an overall upward trend,and the Shannon-Wiener index increased by about 0.5 times.

关 键 词：地震 灾害体坡面类型 生态恢复 植被群落结构 物种多样性指数 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]