玉米机械粒收品种籽粒灌浆特性及对种植密度和施氮量的响应  

Grain filling characteristics of mechanical grain harvest variety maize and its response to plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rate

作　　者：赵雪[1] 胡晗 李芳[1] 林珊[1] 陈先敏 吴巩 李斌彬 周顺利[1,2] ZHAO Xue;HU Han;LI Fang;LIN Shan;CHEN Xianmin;WU Gong;LI Binbin;ZHOU Shunli(College of Agronomy&Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei,Wuqiao 061802,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学院,北京100193 [2]河北省低平原区农业技术创新中心,河北吴桥061802

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第5期12-24,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300301);国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-16)。

摘　　要：为探究黄淮海地区玉米机械粒收品种籽粒灌浆特性及对种植密度和施氮量的响应,2017—2019年采用裂区设计,以机械粒收品种‘京农科728’(‘JNK 728’)和普通品种‘郑单958’(‘ZD 958’)为主区,施氮量(120、180、240 kg/hm^(2))为裂区,种植密度(45000、60000、75000、90000株/hm^(2))为裂裂区,测定并分析不同密度和施氮量下机械粒收品种和普通品种籽粒干物质积累动态与灌浆特性。结果表明,‘JNK 728’活跃灌浆期比‘ZD 958’少2.9 d,有效灌浆期比‘ZD 958’少4.7 d,平均灌浆速率比‘ZD 958’高1.0 mg/(粒·d),单粒干重比‘ZD 958’高12.0%。随密度增加,两品种的活跃灌浆期和有效灌浆期变化不大,平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率时的粒重均呈降低趋势,单粒干重减小;相对于45000株/hm^(2),‘JNK 728’和‘ZD 958’在90000株/hm^(2)下平均灌浆速率分别减少6.6%和11.5%,单粒干重分别减少3.7%和10.4%。本研究条件下,不同施氮量下的灌浆参数差异不大,施氮量对粒重无显著影响。综上,黄淮海地区机械粒收品种‘JNK 728’灌浆期比普通品种短,但灌浆速率大,粒重高,适宜夏播;随密度增加,灌浆期变化不大,灌浆速率和粒重减小。‘JNK 728’的灌浆速率及粒重对密度变化较‘ZD 958’不敏感。试验因素对粒重的效应表现为品种>密度>施氮量。In order to clarify the characteristics of grain filling of mechanical grain harvest variety of maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers region and its response to plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rate,split plot experiment was conducted with the grain harvest variety‘Jingnongke 728’(‘JNK 728’)and common variety‘Zhengdan 958’(‘ZD 958’)as the main plot treatment,nitrogen fertilizer rates(120,180,240 kg/hm^(2))as the split plot treatment,and plant densities(45000,60000,75000,90000 plants/hm^(2))as the split-split plot treatment to measure and analyze the dynamic of dry matter accumulation and grain filling characteristics in 2017-2019.The results showed that:The active grain filling period of‘JNK 728’was 2.9 d shorter than‘ZD 958’,and the effective grain filling period was 4.7 d shorter than‘ZD 958’;The average grain filling rate of‘JNK 728’was 1.0 mg/(kernel·d)larger than‘ZD 958’,the dry weight per kernel was 12.0% larger than‘ZD 958’.With the increase of plant density,the active grain filling period and effective grain filling period of the two varieties changed little,and the average grain filling rate,maximum grain filling rate,kernel weight at maximum grain filling rate and dry weight per kernel decreased.Compared with 45000 plants/hm^(2),the average grain filling rate of‘JNK 728’and‘ZD 958’at the plant density of 90000 plants/hm^(2) decreased by 6.6% and 11.5%,and the dry weight per kernel decreased by 3.7% and 10.4%,respectively.Under the conditions of this study,the grain filling parameters changed little among different nitrogen fertilizer rates and the nitrogen fertilizer rate had no significant effect on dry weight per kernel.In conclusion,the mechanical grain harvest variety‘JNK 728’with shorter grain filling period,higher grain filling rate,and larger kernel dry weight than that of the common variety was suitable for summer sowing in Huang-Huai-Hai Rivers region.With the increase of plant density,the grain filling period changed little,and the grain filli

关 键 词：玉米 机械粒收品种 种值密度 施氮量 灌浆特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]