错株密植对夏玉米冠层特性和产量的影响  

Effects of staggered and close planting on canopy characteristic and yield of summer maize

作　　者：张美微[1] 李川[1] 张盼盼 牛军 郭涵潇 何佳雯 刘京宝[1] 乔江方[1] ZHANG Meiwei;LI Chuan;ZHANG Panpan;NIU Jun;GUO Hanxiao;HE Jiawen;LIU Jingbao;QIAO Jiangfang*(Cereal Crops Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;School of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002 [2]郑州大学农学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第5期34-43,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省重点研发与推广专项(222102110284);河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2023ZC013);河南省农业科学院优青(2022YQ21);河南省农业科学院杰青(2021JQ05)。

摘　　要：为探讨错株种植方式改善玉米密植群体冠层结构,实现增产的作用机制,以耐密品种‘郑单958’为材料,设置67500(D_(1))、82500(D_(2))和90000(D_(3))株/hm^(2)3个密度水平,常规对株(CK)和错株(S)种植2种方式,测定错株密植夏玉米群体冠层叶面积指数(LAI)、无截获散射(DIFN)、叶绿素荧光参数、SPAD、产量及其构成因素等指标。结果表明,密植水平和错株种植均对夏玉米冠层特性和产量产生了显著的影响。提高密植水平虽然显著增加了植株叶面积指数,降低了无截获散射;但对穗位叶叶绿素荧光参数和SPAD产生了不利影响,以90000株/hm^(2)密植水平下降幅最大。说明过高的密植水平不利于叶片对光能的吸收和利用。错株种植方式可有效削弱密植群体冠层叶片相互遮蔽的弊端。与对株(CK)种植相比,错株种植(S)可显著增加冠层叶面积指数,降低冠层无截获散射,优化了群体冠层结构,且对82500株/hm^(2)密植水平调控效果最优。同时,错株种植缓解了高密植水平对植株穗位叶的不利影响,提高了D_(2)和D_(3)密植下叶绿素荧光参数(F_(v)/F_(m)、F_(v)/F_(o))和SPAD。夏玉米在82500和90000株/hm^(2)的密植水平下分别增产18.89%和8.12%,但过高密植水平90000株/hm^(2)显著降低了穗粗、穗粒数和千粒重,且使秃尖延长。与CK相比,S可使各密植水平夏玉米千粒重提高6.72%~11.94%,增加82500和90000株/hm^(2)密植水平下的收获穗数,使夏玉米增产10.23%~14.08%。在各密植水平和种植方式中,以82500株/hm^(2)密植,错株种植方式下产量最高,2年较对照平均增产30.03%。因此,黄淮海平原夏玉米在82500株/hm^(2)密植水平下采用错株种植方式可以显著优化群体冠层结构,提高群体光能截获和利用,是实现夏玉米密植增产的最佳种植模式。The aim of this study was to explore the function of staggered planting in improving the canopy structure and yield for summer maize population.In this study,the density-resistant cultivar‘Zhengdan 958'was used as experimental material.Two panting patterns of parallel planting and staggered planting were arranged under the three planting densities,which were 67500(D_(1)),82500(D_(2))and 90000(D_(3))plants/hm^(2),respectively.The leaf area index and diffuse non-interceptance of population canopy,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and SPAD value of ear leaf,yield and its components were measured in order to study the effects of staggered planting with close planting on summer maize.The results showed that:both density and staggered planting had significant influences on the canopy characteristics and yield of summer maize.The increased density level significantly advanced leaf area index,while declined diffuse non-interceptance of population canopy.The decreasing in F_(v)/F_(m),F_(v)/F_(o) and SPAD value of era leaf achieved larger decline in planting density of 90000 plants/hm^(2),indicating that the effect of the higher density level was adverse to the absorption and utilization of light energy by leaves.The staggered planting method effectively reduced the disadvantage of mutual shading of canopy leaves in dense planting population,which increased the F_(v)/F_(m),F_(v)/F_(o) and SPAD value under D_(2) and D_(3) planting densities.The staggered planting optimized the canopy structure by increased leaf area index and decreased diffuse non-interceptance.Compared to planting of the parallel plant,and the optimal regulation was obtained in planting density of 82500 plants/hm^(2).Simultaneously,the staggered planting method alleviated the adverse effects of planting density level on F_(v)/F_(m),F_(v)/F_(o) and SPAD value at the density levels of 82500 and 90000 plants/hm^(2),respectively.Increased density levels to 82500 and 90000 plants/hm^(2) significantly increased yield by 18.89% and 8.12%,respectively.Whi

关 键 词：夏玉米 错株密植 冠层特性 产量 叶绿素荧光特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]