新型硫酸铵肥料对土壤团聚体碳、氮含量及玉米产量的影响  

Effects of new ammonium sulfate fertilizer on carbon and nitrogen content of soil aggregates and corn yield

作　　者：董馨宇 闫双堆[1,2] 闫秋艳 郭探文 张延慧 DONG Xinyu;YAN Shuangdui;YAN Qiuyan;GUO Tanwen;ZHANG Yanhui(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;Institute of Wheat Research,Shanxi Agricultural University,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心,山西太谷030801 [3]山西农业大学小麦研究所,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第5期61-71,共11页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划(201803D221003-2);山西省研究生创新项目(2021Y338);山西省研究生创新项目(2022Y341);山西农业大学博士启动项目(2022BQ37)。

摘　　要：为探究不同类型缓/控释硫铵肥料对土壤团聚体碳、氮贡献率及作物生长的影响,于2020年开始田间试验,采用完全随机区组试验设计,共设置5个处理:常规尿素(AU),普通硫酸铵(AS),缓/控释硫酸铵Ⅰ型(ASN、硫酸铵+硝化抑制剂),缓/控释硫酸铵Ⅱ型(ASG、油脂包膜硫酸铵),缓/控释硫酸铵Ⅲ型(ASD、油脂-腐植酸包膜硫酸铵)。采用湿筛法对土壤进行粒径分级,分析土壤粒径组成、稳定性状况、各粒径团聚体及粉黏粒有机碳、全氮含量,并测定玉米产量。结果表明:1)ASG处理>0.250~2.000 mm粒径团聚体质量分数最高,比AU处理提高68.00%,且>0.250 mm粒径团聚体ASG处理占比最高,AU处理占比最低;2)ASG处理平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、>0.250 mm水稳性团聚体占比(R0.25)均高于其他施肥处理,相比AU、AS处理,ASG处理的MWD、GMD和R0.25分别升高36.18%、7.62%,70.35%、26.54%和50.74%、13.37%;3)ASG、ASD处理<0.053 mm粉黏粒、0.053~0.250和>0.250~2.000 mm粒径团聚体有机碳含量高于AU、AS、ASN处理,且ASD处理各粒径有机碳含量均显著高于ASG处理,而ASG处理>0.250 mm粒径团聚体对土壤有机碳贡献率显著高于其他处理,分别是其他施肥处理的1.46~1.59倍;4)ASN、ASG、ASD处理团聚体全氮含量均高于AU、AS处理,且大团聚体对土壤全氮贡献率中ASG处理具有显著优势,AS、ASN处理显著高于AU、ASD处理;5)与AU、AS处理相比,ASG处理玉米产量升高18.74%~28.95%,ASD处理玉米产量升高9.85%~19.30%,且产量与各粒径水稳性团聚体及粉黏粒有机碳含量、各粒径水稳性团聚体全氮含量均呈正相关。因此,新型缓/控释硫酸铵Ⅱ型(油脂包膜硫酸铵)施用于石灰性褐土有利于土壤结构稳定且可使玉米增产。To investigate the effects of different types of slow/controlled release ammonium sulfate fertilizers on the contribution of carbon and nitrogen to soil aggregates and crop growth,field trials were started in 2020.Completely randomized group experimental design of five treatments,conventional urea(AU),ordinary ammonium sulfate(AS),slow/controlled release of ammonium sulfate type Ⅰ(ASN,ammonium sulfate+nitrification inhibitor),slow/controlled release ammonium sulfate type Ⅱ(ASG,oil-coated ammonium sulfate)and slow/controlled release ammonium sulfate type Ⅲ(ASD,oil-humic acid-coated ammonium sulfate)were conducted.The soil particle size was classified by the wet sieving method,and the particle size composition,stability status,aggregates of each particle size and silty organic carbon,total nitrogen content,and corn yield were analyzed.The result shows that:1)ASG treatment had the highest mass fraction of >0.250 to 2.000 mm particle size aggregates,which increased by 68.00%compared with AU treatment.The proportion of >0.250 mm particle size aggregates was the highest in ASG treatment and the lowest in AU treatment.2)The mean mass diameter(MWD),geometric mean diameter(GMD),and>0.250 mm proportion of water-stable aggregate(R0.25)of ASG treatment were higher than those of other fertilization treatments.Compared with AU and AS treatments,ASG treatment increased MWD by 36.18% and 7.62%,GMD increased by 70.35% and 26.54%,and R0.25 increased by 50.74% and 13.37%,respectively.3)The content of organic carbon in aggregates with particle sizes<0.053 mm,0.053-0.250,and>0.250-2.000 mm treated by ASG and ASD were higher than those treated by AU,AS,and ASN and the content of organic carbon in all particle sizes treated by ASD was significantly higher than that treated by ASG.However,the contribution rate of>0.250 mm aggregates treated by ASG was significantly higher than that of other treatments,which was 1.46 to 1.59 times that of other treatments.4)The total nitrogen content of aggregates treated by ASN,ASG and ASD were hi

关 键 词：硫酸铵 缓/控释 团聚体 有机碳 全氮 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]