农户采用直播对水稻生产效率的影响  

Effects of farmers'direct seeding technology on rice production efficiency

作　　者：石敏[1] 陈风波[1] 翁凌云[2] 曾华盛 SHI Min;CHEN Fengbo;WENG Lingyun;ZENG Huasheng(College of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Agricultural Information Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Business School,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学经济管理学院,广州510642 [2]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081 [3]扬州大学商学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2023年第5期256-269,共14页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BGL183);广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD20CYJ12);广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2022A1515011049);广东省现代农业产业技术体系水稻创新团队项目(2022KJ105)。

摘　　要：为探究人工直播技术在中国南方大量采用带来的效果,基于中国南方4省420个农户574个水稻生产周期的投入产出数据,从劳动生产率、土地生产率和技术效率3个角度,多维度考察直播技术对水稻生产效率的影响。结果表明:1)直播技术采用显著提高水稻劳动生产率;2)直播技术采用对水稻土地生产率的影响不显著;3)直播技术采用降低水稻技术效率,但是在区分农户种植规模情况下,随着水稻种植规模的增加并达到一定的临界值,该影响变得不显著。因此,水稻直播技术采用是劳动力成本的不断上升背景下的重要应对策略,该技术变化是中国诱致性技术变迁理论的重要体现。另外,种植规模小的农户为了节约劳动力,可以承担一定程度的产量损失,表明水稻生产方式已经从集约式完全转变为粗放经营的生产方式。为发挥人工直播技术对水稻生产效率的正向影响,应挖掘该技术的优势和潜力,着重完善其配套设施和条件,如平整土地和土地互换,并进一步推动直播技术在达到一定水稻种植规模的农户中推广。In order to explore the effects of the extensive use of direct seeding in southern China,based on the input—output data of 574 rice production cycles of 420 farmers in four southern provinces,this study investigated the impact of direct seeding technology on rice production efficiency from three perspectives including labor productivity,land productivity and technical efficiency.The results showed that:1)Direct seeding technology significantly improved the labor productivity of rice;2)Direct seeding technology had no significant effect on the land productivity of rice;3)The adoption of direct seeding technology reduced the technical efficiency of rice.However,in the case of distinguishing farmers'planting scale,with the increase of rice planting scale the impact became insignificant when the planting scale reached a certain critical value.In conclusion,the adoption of rice direct seeding technology is an important coping strategy against the background of rising labor costs,and this technological change is an important embodiment of China's induced technological change theory.In addition,in order to save labor,farmers can bear a certain degree of output loss,indicating that the rice production mode has completely changed from intensive to extensive management.In order to give full play to the positive impact of direct seeding on rice production efficiency,we should tap the advantages and potential of direct seeding technology,focus on improving the supporting facilities and conditions of direct seeding technology,such as land leveling and land exchange,and further promote the popularization of direct seeding technology among farmers who have reached a certain rice planting scale.

关 键 词：直播 生产效率 农户 土地规模 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]