黑暗内心的探索:略论欧里底得斯对尤金·奥尼尔的影响  

Exploration into the Heart of Darkness:A Study of Euripidean Influence on Eugene O'Neill

作　　者：陆建德 Lu Jiande(Centre for Comparative Literature and Transcultural Studies at Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学比较文学与跨文化研究中心

出　　处：《中世纪与文艺复兴研究》2022年第1期20-36,共17页Medieval and Renaissance Studies

摘　　要：戏剧研究界谈及古希腊悲剧对尤金·奥尼尔的影响时,通常会提到埃斯库罗斯,因为奥尼尔的《悲悼》的故事框架来自埃斯库罗斯《奥瑞斯忒亚》中的阿伽门农神话。但是奥尼尔的悲剧创作也让读者联想到欧里庇得斯,一位致力于描写生活中诸多不那么高尚、光彩的感情和冲动的古希腊剧作家,比如《美狄亚》《希波吕托斯》和《酒神的伴侣》都以刻画非理性的黑暗力量见长。奥尼尔的剧作旨在揭示人世的本来面目,即使令人不快,也绝不退缩。本文认为,奥尼尔在某些方面继承了欧里庇得斯的创作风格,并以他的代表作之一《榆树下的欲望》为范例,加以论证。古今两位杰出剧作家都不顾社会习俗的禁忌,以悲剧的语言呈现了他们对于某种植根于人的黑暗内心的欲望的深刻认识。Students of drama usually associate Aeschylus with Greek influence on Eugene O'Neill,for one of O'Neill's masterpieces,Mourning Becomes Electra,is based on the Agamenon myth as found in Aeschylus'Oresteia trilogy.However,O'Neill's tragic writings are also highly suggestive of the spirit of another Greek tragedian Euripides,whose uncompromising devotion to the task of portraying aspects of ignoble,debased and irrational life is fully shown in plays like Medea,Hippobytus and The Baccbae.This undaunted openness is shared by O'Neill,whose final aim is to present life not as it should be,but as it is,no matter how shocking and unpleasant it means.This paper tentatively draws a parallel between Euripides and O'Neill,and uses Desire under the Elms,O'Neill's most representative tragedy,to argue that the two dramatists defied the conventions and taboos of their societies by visions of some tremendous and mysterious forces immanent in human nature that would eventually shape man's destiny.

关 键 词：欧里庇得斯 尤金·奥尼尔 影响 《榆树下的欲望》 悲剧 人性 

分 类 号：I545.073[文学—其他各国文学] I712.073